


5 



L 899 
.V5 
Copy 1 



County School Fairs 



IN 



Virginia 




Issued by 

Department of Public Instruction 
of Virginia 

J. D. Eggleston, Superintendent 
March, 1912 



e 



M C>in 



This Bulletin is issued in order to emphasize the importance of 
the County School Fair work ; to let the public know the scope of 
this movement ; to encourage the promotion of such fairs in every 
county of Virginia ; to give superintendents, school fair committees, 
and teachers suggestions and illustrations that will enable them to 
hold successful fairs ; and to place in their hands carefully prepared 
instructions for making the various articles usually exhibited at 
such fairs. 

I desire to acknowledge the valuable assistance rendered by 
Miss Anna L. Jones, of Lynchburg, Va. ; the Campbell County School 
Fair Committee; Miss Ella G. Agnew, State Director of Girls' De- 
monstration Work ; Miss Rhea C. Scott and Miss Frances Sale, of 
the Harrisonburg State Normal. The greater part of ''Instructions 
for Preparing County School Fair Work" was either prepared or 
revised by them. 

T. S. SETTLE. 
State SuixTvisor Kural Elementary Sdiools of Virginia. 



» 



f 



n m IV 






V'^ 



THE HOOKWORM AND THE BOOKWORM 



Two of the greatest drawbacks to r(^a] education iu Virginia 
are the hookwork and the bookworm. 

Tlie hookworm is a pliysical handicap, wealvcniug the body, 
producing an anaemic condition, and sapping the energies of the 
person att'ected. It thrives through ignorance of, and carelessness 
in regard to, certain simple laws of health and sanitation. Its divin- 
ity is Beelzebulb, the god of tilth, which fatally shapes the ends of 
thousands. 

The Eockefeller Commission, with Ihc lieai-ty co-operation and 
assistance of the State l>oard of Health and Die State l^oard of 
Education, is eliminating the hookworm. 

The bookworm is a mental and spiritual handicap. It some- 
times stifles, and often causes a misdirection of, the mental energies. 
One of its most dangerous tendencies is to cause the mind to magnify 
unessentials, while imagining these to be all-important. This natur- 
ally aff^ects the character, inducing moral astigmatism, as the mind 
and heart thus affected are unable to function properly. 

Along with the hookworm, the bookworm tends to warp and 
destroy the three fundamentals of education, which are a healthy 
body, properly directed energies of mind and will, and an uns(dfish 
outlook on life. 

This tendency causes the victim to neglect to cultivate the social 
and spiritual enei'gies latent in every human ])eing. This neglect 
often results in spiritual and social myoi^ia, which prevents fore- 
sight and limits the spiritual and social energies to an attempt to 
cure evils, which, with the 1)Ookworm eliminated, might easily be 
prevented. For example, the bookworm, the natural ally of the 
hookworm, having produced a condition of mental and spiritual 
myopia, and a lausez faire attitude toward life, causes its victim 
to wait for the hookworm and the typhoid and other germs to afflict 
people before an attempt is made to cure these terril)le scourges of 
the human race. Its victims look upon typhoid, diphtheria, tuber- 
culosis, pneumonia, grippe, and other preventalde diseases as visita- 
tions of a mysterious Providence, instead of visitations of natural 
causes clearly preventable. 

As bad as the hookworm is, its eft'ects are small compared to 
those produced by the l)ookworm. The bookworm's worst effect 
is the attitude towards life it produces in its victims. One strange 
delusion it produces is that culture consists in book knowledge for 
the sake of knowledge and not for social service — and that one 
should not will until one knows. Its formula may be expressed in 

1 



the seiiteiKu', "He tliat knoweth will do." Its practical cflt'ect has 
been to teach how to know so as to "do" — others. This is diaiuetri- 
eally opposed to the standpoint of Jesiis Christ, whose entire ]it'e 
and teaching" was, "He that wills to do, shall know." 

Another eifect of the hookworm is its capacity to I'endi'r 
the mind and soul inipei-vious to new ideas and ideals. It produces 
a marvellons capacity to resist the entrance of simple truths. It 
desti'oys teachahleness and 0])en-mindedness. It encourages com- 
j)licated life and divided aims, and rejects that spii'itual sim])licity 
which would show itself in sini;l(Muindedness i)r()])ei'ly directed io- 
ward social iiirprovemeiit. 

Another strange tlelusion producetl hy the hookworm is tluit to 
teacli a child how to do something tluit is i-eally useful fi'om an 
e; oiiomic standpoint is to encourage "materialism" and to destroy 
spirituality. The educational formula of this attitude may l)e ex- 
pressed hy th(^ sentence, " Triu' education consists in teaching a 
child that which he cannot use in evei-yday life; '" or. "If it is useful, 
it is matei'ial education and destmiclive of high ideals; if useless, it 
is pedagogical." It is so fearful that the Biblical injunction, "Let 
not thy right luuul know what thy left hand doetli," may be dis- 
regarded, that it pi'ex'ents eithei- hand from doing anything. Tliis 




Domestic Sciene Exhibit, Halifax County School Fair 
2 



delusion lias <>towii i'l-om the hell-boi-n idea that honest work of 
some kinds is degrading, while honest work of other kinds — usually 
classed as the "professions" — is highly honorable. In its acute 
form it regards work witli one's own hands as lacking in "good 
form," while work witli othci- people's hands for one's own per- 
sonal profit is striclly ot regie and distin<iiiislies the classes from 
the masses. 

The General Education Boai'd, through tlu' Tnited States De- 
partment of Agriculture, the United Agricultural Board of Virginia, 
and the State Board of Education, in co-operation with each othei-. 
are eliminating the hookworm. The Boys' ('orn ('lu)> and the C4irls' 
Garden and Poultry Clul), organized and conducted through the 
demonstration work, is the best known treatment for the disease ; 
and this is greatly helped by the supplementary treatnumt of school 
garden clubs, sewing clubs, cooking clul)s. and similar infusions. 
One of the most valuable aids in a])])lying this tr(^atment is the 
County School Fair. 

These vai'ious lines of treatnu^nt — which are strikingly similar 
in i)urpose, though differing somewhat in method — open the physi- 
cal, mental, social and spiritual pores and thus tend to throw otif 
the bookworm poison that clogs the individual system and that has 
in fact fastened itself upon the body politic. If the treatment is 
applied early in the child life, it acts as an anti-toxin, and the child 
becomes immune. The County School Pair seeks to a]iply the treat- 
ment as an anti-toxin. 

The demonstration work done hy the boy and girl gives them 
the opportunity for Expression in every way — physically, mentally, 
morally, socially ; while the bookworm gives him mainly Com-pres- 
sion, De-pression, Re-pression, and Sup-pression. The demonstra- 
tion M'ork cultivates Health, Heart, Hand, and Head. The Corn 
(Tub boy is taught to cultivate one acre of ground, and while doing 
this is taught to cultivate in himself one mental acre of his brain, 
one spiritual acre of his heart, and one social acre of his whole ))eing. 
The acreage is so arranged that a stream of definit(\ manly ])urpose 
enriches the whole. 

The Garden Club girl is taught to cultivate her garden plot, 
and, wiiile doing this, is taught to cultivate in the garden of her 
heart a desire to make the living place a home instead of a house. 
Her brain garden is so tilled that she can turn her no])le impulses 
through the channels of clear thought into definite action and 
worthy results, and her social acre leads her not only to help the 
neighbors, but to help care for the misfits and unfits produced by 
the ])ookworm. 

AVith the systematic work now^ being done by the forces men- 
tioned above for the elimination of these evils, a new era is dawning 
in Virginia. 

In the application of these remedies no l)etter physician has 
appeared than 

3 



THE COUNTY SCHOOL FAIR 

The County School Fair does its work in two directions. First, 
it sums up the work of the Boys' Corn Clubs and the Girls Garden 
and Poultry Clubs, the sewing elul)s, cooking cluV)s, and similar 
organizations ; and, second, it promotes these organizations and 
other valuable features of school work in counties where they have 
made little hcvidwav. and encourages their continuance and enlarge- 




Corn Exhibit, Campbell County School Pair 

ment in counties where they are already doing well. It gathers up 
results and then gives forth enthusiasm, encouragement, and defi- 
nite direction for an enlargement of this educational, economic, and 
social work. 

The School Fair is a composite picture of the w^ork of the chil- 
dren. It presents in concentrated form the results of various lines 
of educational efiCort. Here one can see in a few hours the fruition 
of plans and ideals attempted by the boys and girls during the year. 

The School Fair offers prizes. This feature stimulates the zeal 
of the children. It interests their parents in the work attempted, 
and thus encourages cooperation between the children, the parents, 
and the teachers. 

The School Fair brings together large numbers of the children 
from different schools. It thus enlarges the outlook of each school 
community, and causes the children of each school to measure them- 
selves by the side of the children of other school committees. 



Tile athletic contests, the spelliii-i' mat dies, the ]-ecitatioiis, the 
contests in corn raising, and in the raising of tomatoes and other 
vegetal)les ; tlie contests in l)read-maldng, and in making cakes and 
candies and preserves, and in canning; the woodkorgin ; the con- 
tests in apron and dressmaking and in other lines of needlework — all 
these things, ])rought together in well ord(n-ed display, are of great 
educational and social value. They teach definite purpose; they 
encourage persistent efifort ; they demand careful thought; they 
recpiire the ability to follow directions, which demands close atten- 
tion and concentration; they teach self-control and fair play; they 
enlarge the social vision; they give a lietter perspective; th(\y show 
the value of labor and the sJiallowness of luck. 

Tlie Sehool Fair brings together a large number of parents and 
other grown-ups, who come to see the handiwork of their children 
and of the children of other neighborhoods. It is doubtful whether 
any feature of educational work can arouse more interest and 
enthusiasm among grown people than the School Fair. 

The School Fair, with its industrial work and atliletic features 
spells death to the bookworm. 

If the School Fair has succeeded so well — as it lias — in twenty- 
five counties, why should it not succeed in the one hundred counties 
of 'Virginia ? And why should not the superintendents, trustees, 
and teachers beyiii at onc(^ to idaii for a Countv School Fair for 
next fall ? 

The Department of Public Instruction pledges itself to cooper- 
ate with any efforts to organize these Fairs. Mr. T. S. Settle, State 
Supervisor of Rural Elementary Schools, who works under the 
direction of the Department of Public Instruction, has made a spe- 
cialty of this work and has gotten remarkable results. He will 
send literature ; will visit your county and help to organize these 
School Fairs; and will gladly assist in any other v\'ay possible. His 
services are yours for the asking. 




State Supt. Pul)lic Instruction. 



WHAT IS "A VIRGINIA COUNTY SCHOOL FAIR?'^ 



When a person learns that 25 of the 100 counties of Virginia 
held County School Fairs in 1911 ; that over 10,000 Virginia country- 
school children competed for the various prizes offered at these 
Fairs ; that over .^7,000 worth of prizes were awai'ded the successful 
competitors; and that l)etween 80,000 and 40,000 people attended, 




A Corner of Amelia County School Fair Exhibit 

viewed the exliihits, and enjoyed the various exercises, his curiosity 
is apt to be aroused, and he will prol)a))]v ask : AVHAT IS A VIR- 
GINIA COUNTY SCHOOL FAIR? 

The best way to answer this question is to describe l)rietly one 
of the many of these fairs held in Virginia last fall. About nine 
o'clock in the morning the people of the county began to pour into 
the county seat where the School Fair Avas to be held. They trav- 
eled in carriages, in buggies, on horseback, in road-wagons, and 
afoot. They came from every section of the county — from the 
small towns, from the cross roads, from the most out-of-the-Avay 
places; they came fi-om the homes of the rich and the homes of the 
poor; for their children were competing for some of the prizes that 
were to be awarded, and they were also to march in the big school 
children's parade with the other pupils of their school. Nothing 
will come nearer to bringing out father, mother, sister and brother 
than the knowledge that the children of the household are to take 
part in some public exercises. The children were there, of course. 

6 



'I'licy cHiiic ill hir^c ,yr()U|)s, ortcii by schools, licdcckcd with Ihcir 
school colors, waving' school haiuiers, giving their school yells, and 
singing their school songs, it was the gala day for the county 
public schools, and e\('n that early in the niorinng the holiday spirit 
was in the aii'. 

By ten ()'(d(i(d<. hetweeii M.OOO and 4,(HI0 people hail assend)led at 
the School Fail- exhibit hall. The entrance to this hall was then 
thrown open, and this vast throng of people surged in. Their eyes 
fell upon an nni(|ne exhibit — different from anything they had ever 
seen at any other fair. N(^ar the entrance was a long table loaded 
down with loavc^s of bi-ead, biscuit, cakes, pies, home-made candy, 
butter, jellies. ])i(ddes, canned peaches, pears, and tonuitoes. On 
another table was the J)onu'stic Art Exhibit — shirtwaists, aprons, 
handkerchiefs, embroidered centerpieces, sofa pillow covers, }'ag 
rugs, and a large group of dolls tastefully dressed in the latest 
fashion liy the school children of the primary classes; even the 
hobble skirt was in evidence. On another table was the Flow^er and 
Nature Study Exhibit — ferns, chrysanthemiuns, geraniums, dahlias, 
and collections of wild Mowers. P'urther down the hall was the table 
containing the Agricultural Exhibit. On this table were piled ears 
of corn, ears of pO])corn, pumpkins, sweet potatoes, Irish potatoes, 
and black-eye peas. In a corner Avas the INTanual Training Exhibit, 
containing bookcases, wi-iting tables, picture fi-anu's, bro'uns, farm 
rakes, axe handles, shuck door-mats, baskets and rabbit "gums." 

Nor had the literary work of the school been neglected. A 
large space was occupied l)y this department ; on a table were a 
number of carefully ]u-epared compositions. They were not upon 
such abstract subjects as "Intellect, " "Faith."' "Patience," but 
dealt with concrete, practical themes, such as "Good Roads," "The 
Value of Scientific INIethods of Farming," "How to Make a Country 
Home Comfortable and Attractive," "The Cause and Prevention of 
Consumption," "The House Fly a Menace to Health." There were 
also numerous specimens of writing and drawing, and the walls of 
one side of the hall were decorated with skilfnlly drawn maps of 
the county and the State. 

And I'enuMulx'i' that all the exhibits were prepared l)y the 
school children of the county. 

After viewing the exhibit, the large crowd gathei'inl in the 
courthouse .yard, and listened to two short addresses, delivered from 
the courthouse steps. One of the speakers was a representative of 
the Farm Demonstration Work in Virginia. He told his large audi- 
ence that Virginia needed more and better farmers, and explained 
to them how they could make more money on snuiller farms by 
adopting modern methods of farming. 

The other speaker was a representative of the State Depart- 
ment of Public Instruction. He spoke of the need for better schools 
in Virginia and the necessity of adapting the school curi-iculum to 
the lives of tlie people and the needs of the community. 

7 



Next, an old-fashioned spelling niateh was lield. Each school 
was represented by its best spellers, and the rivalry was very keen. 

After lunch-hour came the most interesting and imposing fea- 
ture of the day's program— the School Fair parade. All of the 
school children of the county were formed in line of march, grouped 




A Trustee and Local Brass Band Leading Parade, Loudoun County Fair 

by individual schools and school districts. Each school was led by 
its teachers. All the pupils of the school were wearing the school 
colors, many were carrying pennants, and floating high above their 
lieads was a large lianner bearing the name of the individual school. 




Parade of 1,000 School Children, Loudoun County School Fair 

8 



Some of these names were unusual, to say the least. This imnumse 
parade of over a thousand school children, led by a local brass l)and, 
waving their banners and pennants, singing' their school songs, and 
giving school yells, marched thi-ough the streets of the usually 
quiet country town. It was the most inspiring sight that could be 
witnessed — this happy, buoyant army of the future men and women 
of a great Commonwealth ! 

The parade then returned to the courthouse steps, where the 
prizes were announced and awarded. They next marched to the 
athletic tield (the local race-track), where the best athletes of each 
school contested in the 100-yard dash, the 220-yard dash, the high 
jump, the baseball throw, and the relay race. 

After this the crowd dispersed, and the people w^eut back to 
their homes better and happier for having touched elbows with 
thousands of their fellow county men, and many realiz(Hi fully for 
the first time what a large enterprise the public school system of a 
county is, and what an increased power for usefulness it may be- 
come. 



HISTORY OF THE SCHOOL FAIR MOVEMENT 

IN VIRGINIA 



The idea of holding- industrial school fairs in connection "with 
the public schools of a county was tirst conceived l)y the Virginia 
Federation of Women's Clubs during the winter of 1907-8. After 
mature consideration, a detinite plan for such fairs was drawn up 
and adopted by the P^ederation. Following this action, the Van 
Dyke League of Lynchlnirg, Va., one of the Federated Clubs, 
tendered to W. L. Garbee, Division Superintendent of Schools for 
('ampbell County, its assistance in working up a fair. ^Ir. 
Garbee, l)elieving lie saw in such a fair an opportunity to more 
closely correlate school lessons with home interests, and other possi- 
bilities for good to his schools, accepted their offer. A School Fair 
Conunittee of trustees, teachers, and public-spirited citizens was 




starting 220=Vard Dash, Amelia County School Fair 

then formed, and with the cooperation of ]\Iiss Anna L. Jones and 
other members of the Van Dyke League, a prize list was made up, 
prizes secured from the merchants of Lynchburg, a School Fair 
catalogue published, and the teachers, pupils, and parents of the 
county were urged to cooperate in this work. 

As a result of their efforts, the first County School Fair in 
Virginia was held at Rustburg, the county seat of Campbell County, 
October 28, 1908. This first fair was not a large one. Only tw^enty- 

10 



four prizes were offered, aggregating- in value $7<). One small jiiry 
rooni in the courthouse easily held the exhibits. 

The promoters of this tii-st fair felt, nevertheless, that tiicii- 
effort had ])een a success. (Ireat movements usually start with small 
beginnings. As soon as the 1!)()S fair was over, they began making 
l)lans for a larger fair in 1!)()!). A larger i)rize list was made out. 
The Lynchburg merchauts materially increased their financial aid ; 
private citizens of tlie county made liberal contributions, and the 
County School Board, realizing that this was a worthy edncational 
work, made a substantial appropriation. When the exhibits came in 
for the 1909 Fair, the courthouse room would not hold them, and they 
had to be ti-ansfei'red to the largest building then (existing in the 
town. 

The ]91() Fair was an even greater success. No Inulding co\dd 
])e found large enough lo hold the exhibits, so a larg(^ tent was 




Campbell County School Fair Hall, Two=Story Building 48'x88', Cost $3,100 

stretched upon the court green. The Fair had now grown to 
such proportions, and had obtained such a hold upon the interest 

11 



and pride of the Campbell County people, that, at the conclusion of 
the 1910 Fair, a movement was started to ])uild a permanent School 
Fair Hall. Funds for this purpose were soon raised by generous 
private contributions, by entertainnu^nts given in the schools, and 
by a supplemental appi'opriatiou by tlie county. The School Fair Hall 
was completed in time to be used for the 1911 School Fair. It is a 
two-story building, 44x881/) feet. The lower story is an exhibit 
hall, and the upper story is an auditorium for holding the public 
exercises. The total cost was $3,100. The County School Board ap- 
propriated $1,000, the County Board of Supervisors $500, and $1,600 
was raised in the other ways mentioned above. 

The Campbell County School P'air of 1911 was in keeping with 
its new and commodious quarters, and far surpassed all previous 
fairs. The number of prizes had grown from 24 in 1908 to 301 in 
1911, and their value from $70.00 to $827.00. In competition for 
these prizes, 1,529 pieces of work were ('xhi])itcd, divided among the 
various departnu^nts as follows : 

Literary, 340; agricultural, 114; tloral, 105; domestic science, 
587 ; domestic art, 226 ; manual training, 112 ; poultry, 45. 

In addition to these exhibits, there were 150 entries for the 
spelling matches and 111 for the athletic events. 

Four thousand people attended this fair. 

In the meantime, the School Fair work has spread to many 
other counties in Virginia. In the early part of 1910, the State 
Department of Public Instruction, realizing the good the Campbell 
County School Fair was doing in that county, and in full sympathy 
with the plan of promoting industrial work in the Virginia public 
schools through such fairs, went actively to work to inaugurate the 
movement in other counties. The result was that many very 
successful fairs were held in the fall of 1910. In 1911 the number 
had grown to twenty odd, including Accomae, Albemarle, Amelia, 
Amherst, Augusta, Bedford, Campbell, Charles City, Clarke, Cum- 
berland, Dinwiddle, Goochland, Halifax, Loudoun, Mathews, Meck- 
lenburg, Middlesex, Nansemond, New Kent, Orange, Prince George, 
Rockingham, and Sussex. Some of these fairs were held in con- 
nection with the regular county fairs, others independently. The 
Department is planning and hoping that at least fifty of the hun- 
dred counties will hold these fairs in 1912. 

The Department stands ready to assist in this work, and to 
aid any county in organizing such fairs through its representative, 
.Mr. T. S. Settle, State Supervisor of Rural Elementary Schools, Rich- 
mond, Va., who has special charge of these County School Fairs. 



U 



HOW TO HAVE A SUCCESSFUL COUNTY 
SCHOOL FAIR 



The Division (or Couutyj Superintendent should first of all 
heeoine interested. It is very difficult to eonduct successfully any 
enterprise which concerns all the schools of a county without his 
enthusiastic leadership. 

The next step is to secure the hearty co-operation of the teach- 
ers. The Superintendent can do this hy appearing before them at 
a regular or called meeting of the Teachers' Association, explain- 
ing to them what a School Fair is, its purposes, and how in his 
opinion such a fair would aid that county. The teachers should 
then discuss the advisability of liolding such ;i fair and vote upon it. 




Teacher, Patron and some Pupils of a One=Room School in Attendance at 
Prince George County School Fair 

Should this vote be in the afhrmative, every teacher sliould 
consider herself a committee of one to interest her pupils in the 
work and to send to the fair a creditable number of entries from 
her school. A special school fair eonuuittee should he chosen to 
take charge of all the routine work connected with the fair. The 
personnel of this committee varies in diflt'erent coiuities, but we 
would suggest the following ]dan for securing a good working 
eonuuittee : 

The teachers should clH)ose one teacher from each district: the 

13 



Division Superintendent should appoint one trustee from eaeli dis- 
trict, and these nienil)ers of the committee should select one citizen 
from each district. 

This committee should make out a prize list, raise funds for 
financing the fair, issue a catalogue, look after the advertising, take 
charge of and arrange the exhibits, select competent judges to 
award the prizes, arrange and conduct the exercises of fair day, etc. 

The work of the committee may be made more effective by 
dividing it into such sub-committees as Finance, Catalogue and 
Printing and Advertising, Entertainment, Arrangement and Deco- 
ration, and Program. 

The County School Board (or the District School Hoards) sliould 
make a cash appropriation to assist in financing the fair. Business 
firms and public-spirited private citizens are always willing and 
glad to subscribe to the prize list. 

In the hope of assisting school fair committees in selecting the 
prize lists and making out the catalogues, there is published in the 
back of this pamphlet a lengthy suggested list of School Fair prizes, 
from which the committee may choose ; revised rules and regula- 
tions to govern the conduct of the fair ; revised entry sheet ; and 
revised instructions telling how to prepare the various articles for 
wiiich prizes are oft'ered. The committee can save time and labor 
by incorporating these instructions bodily into their catalogue. 

Then everybody should give his enthusiastic cooperation to 
make the fair a success. It is through unity of action only that 
satisfactorv results are obtained. Work for it and ^' boost" it. 



14 



Suggested List of School Fair Prizes 



LITERARY WORK 



Compositions 

Good Roads (to be written by a boy). 

A Boy's Duty to His Mother (to be written by a boy). 

How to Make a Country Home Comfortable and Attractive (to be writ- 
ten by a girl). 

Uplift of Rural Home Life: Responsibility of Our (Jirls (to be written 
by a girl). 

Suggestions for Beautifying the School Room and Grounds. 

How Scientific :\lethods aid the Farmer. 

Importance of Forest Conservation. 

Utilization of Waste Products in county. 

How Does the Tariff affect the Farmer? 

Old and Modern Farming Methods Contrasted: Improvements in Imple- 
ments, Fertilization, Labor, etc. 

Mutual Dependence of City and Country Life. 

Story of Bird, Plant or Insect Life. 

A Pupil's Obligation to his or her Teacher. 

Historical Sketch of (Choice) Jefferson Davis, J. E. B. Stuart or Lincoln. 

Why the Bible Should be Taught in the Public Schools. 

Our Native Birds and Trees. 

Why I am Glad I Live in Virginia in the County of . 

An Illustrated Story of the History of county. 

Virginia's Part in the War of 1776. 

What Thomas Jefferson did for the Public School System of Virginia. 

Does a Trust Affect the Farmer, and How? 

Improvements of Roads During the Past Ten Years, and the Effect on 
the Farmer. 

Is Farming, as a Profession, Increasing or Decreasing? 

Conveniences Possible in Simple Country Homes. 

How I Beautified my Country Home With Vines and Flowers — Kodak 
Illustrations. 

How Social Life in the Country may be Improved. 

Property Waste by Fire — How to Prevent It. 

The Native Trees of County and Their Uses. 

How Winter Evenings at Home May be Made Pleasant and Profitable. 

How we beautified our School Room — Illustrated with kodak pictures 
taken before beginning work and others showing results. 

How we Beautified our School Grounds — Illustrated with kodak pictures 
taken before beginning work, and others showing results. 

15 



Legumes that Enrich the Soil. 
Across our Country in a Pullman Car. 

Imaginary Lecture from Family Doctor on Habits of Personal Clean- 
liness and Rules for Good Health. 

Nature's Spring Work in the Woods. 

Nature's Preparation for Winter. 

Value of Birds to the Farmer. 

A Year in the Life of Robin Redbreast. 

Story of the Life of a Butterfly. 

Clean Milk, and How to Get It. 

Cause and Prevention of Consumption. 

A Study of Agriculture. 

The House Fly — Personal hygiene. 

Letters 

To the boy writing the best letter of application for an imaginary position 
as Farm Superintendent, stating as his own the qualifications he regards as 
necessary. 

To the boy writing the best letter of application for an imaginary posi- 
tion as Superintendent of Poultry, stock and fruit farm (choice), stating as 
his own the cjualifications he regards as necessary for such a position. 

To the boy writing the best letter advertising his farm for sale, stating 
its special advantages and his experience on it. 

To the gii'l writing the best letter from imaginary daughter to her 
mother, telling her plans for making her own home in the country happy and 
comfortable. 

To the girl writing the best letter to a city friend, telling her how life 
is spent in the country. 

To the girl writing the best letter applying for the position of teacher in 
a country school. 

Letters telling of Indian child life. 

Imaginary letter to sister or brother away from home. 

Drawing 

Exhibit of free-hand drawing by pupil in high school department. 

Exhibit of free-hand drawing by pupil in grammar school department. 

Exhibit of free-hand drawing by pupil in primary school department. 

Drawing of a graded school building — Scale 1-4-inch to 1 foot. 

(The drawing must give floor plan and front elevation.) 

Exhibit of a book of free-hand drawing, not less than five subjects, on 
paper 9x12 inches. 

Original drawing of any still life object. 

Drawing book, completed without assistance. 

Drawing of a farm house and out-buildings. 

Writing 

Copy of Tennyson's "Sweet and Low," by pupils of high school depart- 
ment. 

Copy of the first eleven lines of "Evangeline" by pupils of grammar 
school. 

Copy of Sherman's "Daisies" by pupils of primary department. 

16 



Neatest and best copy book. 

Improvement on Writing— Exhibit first and last copy-book of session 

with teacher's certificate of that fact written in each copy-])ook. 

Maps and Drawing 

Political map of • connty, showing location of principal places, 

roads, railroads, streams, etc., drawn to the scale of one inch to the mile. 

Relief map of connty, showing principal elevations, slope of land, 

contour, drainage, cities and towns, railroads. 

Relief map of United States, showing State lines and principal crops 
raised in each State. 

Relief map of North America, showing animal distribution. 

Political map of Virginia, showing latitude and longitude, counties, prin- 
cipal rivers, mountains, cities and railroads. 

Soil map of county. 

Spelling 

Spelling contests between representatives of the high school departments. 
Spelling contests between representatives of the grammar school depart- 
ments. 

Orations 

Prizes for the best oration. Subject selected by School Fair Committee. 

Declamation and Recitation 

Prizes offered for the best Declamation and best recitation. Each school 
sending one representative. 

AGRICULTURE 



Largest yield of corn to acre. 

Largest yield of corn on half-acre — one-half sub-soil with dynamite the 
other half with plow. 

Best ten ears of corn grown on acre. 

Best ten ears of corn grown on 1-16 of acre. 

Best single ear of corn. 

Best stalk of corn with two ears, not more than four feet from ground. 

For best written report on growing corn. 

Largest net profit as shown by written report on growing corn. 

Largest yield of corn on 1-16 of an acre. 

Best yield of tomatoes from 1-10 acre. 

Best display of canned tomatoes, the tomatoes raised by pupil on 1-10 
acre. 

Sweet potatoes, 

Irish potatoes. 

Black-eyed peas, 

Soja beans, 

Pop-Corn— 100 hills— exhibit of 10 ears. 

Early red Valentine snap beans. 

Exhibit of the largest pumpkin raised from one hill. 

Collection of four vegetables. 

17 



FLOWERS AND NATURE STUDY 



Ferns. 

Asparagus Ferns. 

Dozen cut Chrysanthemums. 

Potted Chrysanthemums — bush. 

Potted Chrysanthemums with largest 

flowers. 
Flowering Geranium, potted. 



Collection of cut Dahlias. 

Collection of pressed leaves of native 

trees; county. 

Collection of native wild flowers. 
Record of migratory birds of the 

county. 



DOMESTIC SCIENCE 



Pound of butter. 

Breads 

Loaf of yeast bread, 
I^oaf of salt-rising bread, 
Half-dozen soda biscuits, 
Half-dozen baking powder biscuits. 
Half-dozen beaten biscuits, 
Half-dozen plain rolls. 
Half-dozen French rolls, 
Half-rlozen corn pones. 
Half-dozen corn-meal muffins. 

Cakes 

Cup cake, 
Pound cake, 
Layer cake, 
Sugar cookies. 
Ginger snaps, 
Ginger bread (soft). 

Canned Goods 

Tomatoes, 

Snap beans. 

Butter-beans, 

Corn, 

Pears, 

Peaches, 

Blackberries, 

Apples. 



Preserves 



Quince, 
Blackberry, 
Grape, 
Currant, 
Apple, 
Cherry, 
Plum. 



Jellies 



Pears, 

Peaches, 

Cherry, 

Strawberry, 

Blackberry, 

Plum. 



Pickle 



Cucumber (sweet and sour), 

Pear, 

Peach, 

Tomato, 

Mixed. 



Chocolate, 
Cocoanut, 
Peppermint, 
Nut candy. 



Candy 



Meats 



Fried chicken. 

Roast beef, about four pounds, 
Roast lamb, about four pounds. 

Pie 

Two-crust pie of any kind. 
Graded Sweet Potato Pudding. 



18 



DOMESTIC ART 



Machine-made shirt-waist. 
Hand-embroidered, hand-made sliirt- 

waist. 
Rag rug. 

Drawn worlv bureau start". 
Sofa pillow cover. 
Hand-made Jabot. 
Three button-holes in cotton cloth. 
Darned hose. 

Patch on striped materiil. 
Hand-made, housework apron. 



Doll bed outfit. 
Dressed doll. 

Hemstitc'hed handkerchief. 
Hand-made patchwork Calico 

quilt. 
Embroidered center piece. 
Yard of crocheted lace. 
Embroidered belt and collar. 
Hand-made corset cover. 
Crocheted collar and jabot. 



bed 



MANUAL TRAINING 



Plain mission book shelves. 

Axe handle. 

Farm rake. 

Shop-made hoe. 

Shuck door-mat. 

Picture frame — containing picture of 

own selection. 
White oak split basket. 
Willow lunch basket. 
Ladies' work basket of broom sedge, 

corn splits or corn shucks. 
Short-handle broom. 
Long-handle broom. 



Set of utensils — butter paddle, potato 

masher and rolling pin. 
Wooden sled. 
Rabbit trap. 
Miniature bedstead. 
Miniature boat. 
Bird box. 
Hatchet handle. 
Book case. 
Writing table. 
Miniature wagon. 
Split-bottom chair. 
Miniature set of garden tools — rake, 

spade, hoe and pick. 



ATHLETICS 



100-yard dash. 
220-yard dash. 
440-yard dash. 
880-yard dash. 
Hurdles. 
Running high 
Standing high 



jump, 
jump. 



Running broad jump. 



Standing broad jump. 
Throwing baseball. 
Shot-put. 
Shoe race. 
Potato race. 
Three-legged race. 
Pole vault. 
Relay race. 



19 



GENERAL RULES AND REGULATIONS GOVERNING, IN ALL 

DEPARTMENTS, THE ANNUAL EXHIBITION OF 

THE COUNTY SCHOOL FAIR, ADOPTED BY THE SCHOOL 
FAIR COMMITTEE IN MEETING ASSEMBLED. 

Directions should be carefully followed, for the rules will be 
strictly enforced. 

1. The 191 — Annual Exhibition of the County School Fair 

will be held in at on . 

(Name of Building) (Name of Place) (Date) 

2. Exhibits must be sent prepaid, to , Va., between the morn- 
ing of and the evening of ■ (date should be third and 

second days before the Fair). No exhibit will be received after . 

3. Exhibits will be judged by expert judges, unacquainted with the school 
pupils, on when no one but the officials and judges will be ad- 

(Day before Fair) 
mitted to the Exhibition Hall. This rule is for the purpose of securing com- 
petent, unddisturbed and impartial judging. 

4. No article that has ever been exhibited at a County School 

Fair may be sent in the second time for exhibition in any department. 

5. JVo article icill be accepted unless competitor sends in a written report, 
where a report is required. 

6. A copy of the proper score card as given in catalogue, with the valu- 
ations left blank, must be securely fastened by exhibitor to each article sent in. 

7. In estimating cost, the work of a pupil must be valued at 10 cents per 
hour and the work of a horse at .5 cents per hour. 

8. A standard of excellence will be fixed by the judges in the various 
departments, and no work showing carelessness in preparation, even if there 
is no competition, will be given the prize offered. The decision of the judges 
shall be final. 

9. Competitors are divided into three classes, to-wit: 
Class A — Pupils from 7 to 10, inclusive. 

Class B — Pupils from 11 to 13, inclusive. 

Class C — Pupils from 14 to 20, inclusive. 
Age is to be determined by actual age on day of School Fair. Pupils may com- 
pete for prizes in any classes more a'dvanced than those to which they belong, 
but they cannot compete in classes less advanced. 

10. Competitors must be pupils of school age in regular standing in some 

school of the county of during the session of 191 — 191 — , or the 

fall term of 191—. 

Reports, compositions, or other papers must not show upon their face 
by whom written, and articles must not show upon their face by whom pre- 
pared, but each must be accompanied by a sealed envelope addressed to the 
School Fair Committee containing exact form of the Entry Sheet given below, 
fully filled out. 

When the Committee receives the article and Entry Sheet they shall 
enter the competitor's name on entry book kept for that purpose, under the 
])roper department, and shall give them a certain number. Different numbers 
shall be given for each entry. The committee shall then fill out a duplicate 

tag which shall give Exhibitor's No. , Department -, Class , Entry 

. One part of this duplicate tag shall be fastened to the article, and the 

other part shall be issued to the exhibitor to be held by him as a receipt. At 
the close of the Fair the exhibitor shall present the tag to the Committee in 
charge and receive his entry. 

For further information, apply to Division Superintendent or other mem- 
bers of School Fair Committee. 

20 



Entry Sheet 



COUNTY SCHOOL FAIR PRIZE COMPETITION DEPARTMENT 



Department Class 

To the County School Fair Comviittce: 

I desire to enter the accompanying article for tlie prize offered the public 

school pupils of this county for the best in Class . 

(Name of Article) 
I certify, upon my honor, that I have received no assistance in the prep- 
aration of this • except so far as expressly permitted by the 

(Name of Article) 
printed rules given in the County School Fair Catalogue of 191—, 

and that it has never been exhibited at a former County School Fair. 



(Signature) . . . . 

( Age ) 

(School) 

(School District) 
Teacher 



I hereby certify that , whose name is signed to the Entry 

Sheet above, was a pupil in regular standing in School, in 

District, of which I am teacher, during the school term of ; 

is years of age, and that the which he is entering was 

(Name of Article) 
prepared, to the best of my knowledge, by him without assistance, except so 

far as expressly permitted by the printed rules given in the 

County School Fair Catalogue of 191 — , and that it has never been exhibited 
at a former County School Fair. 

Given under my hand this day of , 191 — . 

Teacher of 



School. 



21 



Instructions for Preparing County School 
Fair Work 



LITERARY WORK 

In this Department, information and oral instruction from otliers may be 
received only in practice work. The work offered in competition must be 
original, and must be done without assistance, except as stated above. 

Original Compositions and Letters 

All compositions must be in the pupil's own language, written with ink 
on one side only of single letter-sheet size paper (about 8x10 inches). The 
sheets must be fastened together securely at the top and left unfolded. 

Kodak illustrations called for need not be work of competitor, but must 
photograph the real conditions before and after improvement of subject of 
photograph. 

Letters must be in the pupil's own language, wiitten with ink on correct 
size and style of paper for social correspondence, and must be properly folded 
and enclosed in an envelope, correctly addressed, and signed with the ficti- 
tious names selected by competitor. 

ScoKK Card For Co-mtositions and Lkttkrs 

Spelling, neatness and penmanship 20 points 

Correct form .")0 points 

Originality of thought and style of expression 30 points 

100 points 
The length of compositions must be within the following limits: 

Class C — Not less than 500 nor more than 1,000 words. 
Class B — Not less than 300 nor more than 600 words. 
Class A — Not less than 100 nor more than 200 words. 

ScoKK Card for Co-ah'ositioxs Reqtirinc Kodak Ilhstkatioxs 

Improvement shown by kodak illustrations 7>0 points 

Spelling, neatness and penmanship 15 points 

Correct form 20 points 

Originality of thought and style of expression 15 points 

TOO points 

SUGGESTIONS AS TO SOME OF THE SUBJECTS FOR 
ORIGINAL COMPOSITIONS 

These Suggestions Are Not Conditions of the Contest 
"The Native Trees of County," etc 

Consider the cultivation of forest trees as a profitable crop, through judi- 
cious cutting and re-planting, and their preservation from their enemies. 
Read about the "Black Forest" of Germany. 

22 



' ' How We Beautified Our School Grounds, ' ' etc 

In planning the work of improving stliool grounds, attention is called 
to the decorative value of the native wild flowers, ferns, vines, shrubs and 
trees. The best of the flowers bloom during the spring and fall school terms. 
When once rooted and at home, they will bloom on year after year with the 
minimum of c;ire. Beginning with the trailing arbutus, bluets and violets of 
early spring, our woods and fields and swamps yield a continuous crop of 
beautiful things — dogwood and pink honeysuckle, mountain ivy, the Indian 
pink daisy, buttercup, snap-dragon, columbine and golden-rod, wild roses and 
asters, sumac. Scotch broom. Virginia creeper, and scores of others — some 
suited to every soil and location. Skilfully transplanted, artistically arranged 
and kindly protected, they make hedges and borders that would transform 
the most barren school grounds into a place of rare beauty. 

Add to your school library "How to Know the Wild Flowers" and "How 
to Know the Ferns." 

"Across Our Country in a Pullman Car." 

Tell the interesting incidents of your trip and describe the country passed 
through on an imaginary journey, by a reiil railroad route, from Norfolk, 
Va., to San Francisco, Cal. 

"Lecture From Family Doctor," etc 

Imagine what your doctor, an up-to-date physician, would tell you to do 
in order to be as neat as the neatest person you ever saw, and in order to 
keep your body and surroundings in condition to prevent disease — colds in 
the head and throat, tuberculosis, typhoid fever, etc., etc. 

DRAWING 

In competition for prizes offered for lirst Diaiciiig of Farm Hoiisr and 
Out-Buildings, each competitor must: 

1. Send in for exhibition the following drawings, made upon cross-sec- 
tion paper, 8x8 to one inch, which can be bought of any stationer. Draw- 
ings must show points of compass — the top north. 

(o) Drawing to scale of 1-16-inch to foot, showing general lay-out of resi- 
dence and buildings with relation to each other. 

(b) Drawing, to scale of 1-4-inch to foot, showing detail floor plan for 
residence and out-buildings. 

(c) Drawing, to scale of 1-4-inch to foot, showing front elevation of resi- 
dence and out-buildings. 

2. Send in written report, giving detailed description of buildings 
planned, and recommending proper arrangements for ridding the place, out- 
side and in, of flies and mosquitoes. 

SiOKK Caki) fok Dkawim; 

Relation of out-houses to residence and to each other ):, points 

Relation of rooms, porches and out-bui!dings to points of compass, 20 points 

Architectural beauty 15 points 

Economy of space 1 .5 points 

Convenience 2n points 

Written report I.5 points 

100 points 
23 



]yiAf>s 

Soil Map of County 

Each competitor must: 

1. Send in a soil map of county, made to a scale of 1-2-mch to a 

mile, with colored crayons. 

2. Draw parallels and meridians and mark county boundaries. 

3. Put in water courses, cities, towns and railroads. 

The information necessary may be gotten from "Soil Survey of 

county, Virginia," published by the United States Agricultural Department. 

Political Map of Virginia 

Each competitor must: 

Send in, for exhibition, a map of Virginia, drawn on paper 22x28 inches, 
the counties done in colored crayons, showing latitude and longitude, prin- 
cipal rivers, mountains, cities, railroads and congressional districts. 

Physical Map of North America 

Each competitor must: 

Send in, for exhibition, a map of North America, drawn on regulation, 
8 1-2x11 1-2-inch, drawing paper. 

Use a soft, black lead pencil, modeling the map so as to show the prin- 
cipal mountain ranges, plateaux, and the slope of the land to the main water 
courses. 

Map of United States 

Each competitor must: 

Send in, for exhibition, a map of United States, with States colored with 
crayons, showing latitude, longitude, principal rivers, capitals and chief 
cities, principal crops and animals. 

Score Card of Maps 



100 points 
SPELLING 

Two spelling contests will be held on the day of the fair. Pupils from 
7 to 13, inclusive (Classes A and B), shall compete in one contest, and those 
from 14 to 20, inclusive (Class C), shall compete in the other. Each school 
shall be entitled to send one representative for each contest, same to be 
chosen by a preliminary competetive contest. 

The words given out to Classes A and B for the first half-hour will be 
taken from Sheppes Primary Speller; thereafter, from a specially prepared 
list of difficult words. 

The words given out to Class C will be, for the first half-hour, taken from 
Sheppes Advanced Speller, or Payne's "Words Difficult to Spell; thereafter, 
from a list specially prepared of difficult words. 

Pupils not in place when their respective classes begin will not be 
allowed to compete. 

DECLAMATION 

A Declamation contest will be held on the night of the fair. Each school 
will be entitled to one representative, same to be selected by preliminary com- 
petetive contest. Time limit for each declamation shall be not less than three 
nor more than ten minutes. 

24 



AGRICULTURE 



In those counties that have farm demonstrators the work of the agricul- 
tuial department of the school fair is usually under their direction. The 
pupils competing for the various prizes offered in this department should 
seek advice from them. 

Soil, climate and other conditions vary so much in different sections of 
Virginia that it would not be wise to give general rules for raising various 
crops for the whole State. If there is no demonstrator the contestants should 
consult the most successful faryners in their neigltborhood. and write to the 
Department of Agriculture, Washington, D. C, and State Demonstrator, T. O. 
Sandy, Burkeville, Va., for bulletins and further advice. 

As the Boys' Corn Club work is so general throughout the State we give 
below the regulations and conditions the boy should follow in this contest 
and some suggestions for raising good corn. 

The Plan for School Boys' Corn Clubs Given by T. 0. Sandy, State 
Agent for Farmers' Co-operative Demonstration Work 

A measured acre, four thousand eight hundred and forty square yards, 
is the standard, nothing more or less. Each boy is required to do the work 
himself, and to keep an accurate account of expenses. Figure actual cost of 
fertilizer at market price. The use of a horse at the rate of one dollar per 
day or 10 cents an hour and the boy's work at the rate of 50 cents a day, or 
5 cents an hour. After harvest, a written statement must be given of how 
the crop was grown. The corn must be measured, not weighed. This must 
be done by two disinterested and intelligent parties and an affidavit made 
and signed before a notary or justice and sent to the Local or District Agent 
of the Farmers' Co-operative Demonstration Work in charge of said county 
or District Superintendent. The certificate of measurement of the land and 
of the corn must be acompanied by the crop report. 

The following method is advised: Good deep plowing (subsoil red clay 
land, if possible. On well-drained, loamy land subsoiling is not necessary). 
When manure can be had use broadcast, from ten to twelve two-horse wagon 
loads to the acre, which should be thoroughly worked into the soil, preferably 
by discing. 

To meet conditions, any of the following fertilizers and amounts may 
be used. 

(1) 500 pounds pure raw bone to the acre. 

(2) 250 pounds of pure raw bone and 350 pounds of 16 per cent, acid 
phosphate to the acre. 

(3) 700 pounds of 16 per cent, acid phosphate to the acre. 

NoTK — Where there has been no manure used or clover fallow, a complete 
fertilizer, 8 3 3 goods, 500 lbs. per acre is recommended. 

A deep, fine seed bed is urged. Good seed corn must be secured. Rows 
must be laid off three feet and ten inches apart. The distance in the step 
must depend upon the strength of the land. 

Corn should be worked level and shallow. Cultivators must run every 
ten days, also after each rain, to keep a dust mulch on the land. The culti- 
vation must continue until earing time. 

Note — Adaltional amount of fertilizer can be used if desired. 

25 



A suggestion, but not a requirement, is to use 1.000 or l.oOO pounds of 
agricultural lime to the acre. This should be applied broadcast, and harrowed 
in lightly, as early as possible after the land is plowed. If lime has been 
used, manure or fertilizer should not be applied under ten days after. Fall and 
winter plowing is highly recommended. 

CO.MUTIO.XS FOR COKN CoNTKST 

Cultivate, imaided, one acre (4.S40 square yards), no more or less in corn. 
1st — Use pure seed corn for planting: lind — Send in. for exhibition, ten ears 
raised on the acre, selecting carefully the ears which will count highest accord- 
ing to score card given below. The lai-gest ears are not always the best. 3rd 
— Prepare corn for exhibition by removing all shucks, silk and the stem from 
the ear, being careful not in any way to mutilate the ear itself. Bad grains 
must not be removed. The ears must be carefully handled that no grains be 
knocked off. In judging, all missing grains will be regarded as mixed or bad 
grains, and count against exhibitor. Wrap each ear in paper or other pro- 
tection, and pack firmly for transportation to the exhibition hall. 4th — Send 
in a written report covering the following points: 

(a) The kind of soil in which seed was planted. 

ib) Planting — Date, number of seed planted in the hill, distance between 
the hills, distance between the rows. 

(c) Cultivation — How often cultivated and with what tools. 

(d) Yield and Value of Crop — (1) Number of bushels of shucked corn, 
value of same; (2) Quality and value of feed produced (fodder and shucks). 

(c) Expense in Raising the Corn — (1) Cost of seed; (2) Value of work 
by competitor, charging 50 cents per day or five cents per hour for his work; 
(3) Cost of work of horse to raise the crop, allowing $1 per day or 10 cents 
per hour; (4) All other expense; (5) Amount of loss or gain in raising the 
crop, allowing the prevailing market price for corn and fodder. 

(/) State what learned by competitor in raising crop. 

In Awaruing Prizks Tiik Foli.owi.nc Basis Shall jsk Uskd 

(a) Greatest yield per acre value 30 points 

( b) Best exhibit of ten years value 20 points 

(c) Best written report value 20 points 

(rf) Best showing of profit on investment value 30 points 

Score Card kor Ears Exhuutkd 

Name of Variety ■ 

Uniformity of ears in size and shape, indentation, and color of 

gr;^in. and in color of cobb value 10 points 

Shape of ears value 10 points 

Color of cob and grain value 10 points 

Market condition value 10 points 

Tips of ears value 5 points 

Butts of ears value 5 points 

Uniformity and shape of grain value 10 points 

Space between grains value r> points 

Weight value 1 5 points 

Written report value 20 points 

Su(i(iKSTi()\s FOK Ralslnc; Cor.n 

Work often enough to keep down weeds and grass and keep soil from 
packing. 

Cultivate as soon after a rain as the ground is workable, to kee]) the mois- 
ture from escaping. Depth and frequency of cultivation should vary with the 
seasons. The deepest cultivation should be done at first when there are few 
roots to be injured. Cultivation should become shallower and less frequent 
as the season advances. It is desirable for the plant to develop as many sur- 
face feeding roots as possible. 

26 



FLOWERS AND NATURE STUDY 



Ferns 

All competitors for prizes offered tor ferns, or cut or growing flowers 
must send in report describing method of culture, crcept those in Class A. 

Each competitor for prizes offered for Best Fern or Best Asparagus Fern 
must send in for exhibition one potted fern. The two classes will be judged 
separately. 

Scoii'K Card fou Fkkns 

Number of good fronds (Fern), or 

Number of good tendrils (Asparagus Fern) 60 points 

Relation of size of Fern to size of pot 30 points 

Written report 10 points 

100 points 

Cut Chrysanthemums 

Each competitor for prize for Best Dozen Cut Chrysanthemums must 
send in one dozen Chrysanthemums, all of the same variety. 

SCOKK CaKII lOl! ClIKYSAXTIIEiniMS 

Perfection and size of flowers -"JO points 

Perfection and development of foliage 20 points 

Length of stem 20 points 

Written report 10 points 

100 points 

Dahlias 

Each competitor for prizes offered for Best Dozen Cut Dahlias must send 
in one dozen cut dahlias of different varieties. 

Score Card for Cit Dahlias 

Variety 30 points 

Quality and condition of tloweis 60 points 

Written report 10 points 

100 points 

Potted Chrysanthemums — Bush Form 

Each competitor for prizes offered for Best Potted Chrysanthemum— 
Bush Form, must send in one potted Chrysanthemum, with sufficient number 
of vell-formefl blossoms to make the plant desirable for the yard. 

ScoKF Card for Bush Chrysanthemums 

Perfection and number of well-developed flowers 50 points 

Perfection and development of foliage 20 points 

Relation of size of plant to size of pot 20 points 

Written report 10 points 

100 points 



Potted Chrysanthemums — Largest Flowers 

Each competitor for prizes offered for Best Potted Chrvsanthemum, with 
Largest Flowers, must send in one plant with not less than three large 
flowers. 

SCOKF. CaKIJ 1«)H LaHGK Fl-OWIOKKD PoTTIOI) ClIKYSANTIIEMUMS 

Size, number and perfection of flowers 50 points 

Length of stem and perfection of foliage 20 points 

Relation of size of plant to size of jar 20 points 

Written report 10 points 

100 points 

Potted Geraniums 

Each competitor for prizes offered for Best Potted Geranimn must send 
in, for exhibition, one potted Geranium, with either single or double flowers, 
any color. 

ScoKK Card for GERANHiis 

Perfection of foliage 40 points 

Number, quality and condition of flowers 40 points 

Relation of plant to size of pot 10 points 

Written report 10 points 

100 points 

Pressed Native Wild Flowers 

Each competitor for prizes ofl:"ered for Best Cvlleetion of Pressed Native 
Wild Flowers must send in, for exhibition, a collection of Pressed native Wild 
Flowers. Each specimen must be mounted on cardboard, 6x8 inches, by 
])asting flap with tips of mucilage, the stems held in place by firmly pasted 
strips of paper, and must be accompanied by a written description of the 
root, stem, leaves and blossom, and a statement giving the common name by 
which known and telling when and where found. 

Competitor must also send in a written recommendation as to the best 
method for saving our choice wild flowers from extinction by ruthless gather- 
ing, etc.; as for example: trailing arbutus. 

Score Card for Pressed Wild Flowers 

Number of correctly-named specimens 40 points 

Perfection of specimens 20 points 

Manner of mounting 20 points 

Written work 20 points 

100 points 

Pressed Leaves 

Each competitor for prizes offered for Best Collection of Pressed Leaves 
from Native Trees must send in a collection of leaves, in which there shall 
be no two from the same variety of tree. Leaves from shrubs must not be 
included. The collection must be accompanied by a written statement at- 
tached to each specimen, giving name of tree and stating where and on what 
kind of land it grows best. 

Score Card for Pressed Leaves 

Number of correctly-named specimens 40 points 

Perfection of specimens 20 points 

Manner of mounting 20 points 

Written work 20 points 

100 points 
28 



Record of Migratory Birds 

iDacli competitor for |)rizes offered for Best Record of Migratory Birds 
oj County must begin in February to keep a record of the migratory birds 
observed by him at his station, according to the form required by the "migra- 
tion schedule" prepared by the Bureau of Biological Survey of the United 
States Department of Agriculture, a copy of which will be furnished by the 

Department to every teacher in county. Pupils must observe and 

record the birds seen from day to day until the close of the spring migration, 
in .Tune. 

All who have made creditable observations and records, should, on or 
before the IGth day of July, apply to the Division Superintendent for a migra- 
tion schedule upon which to transfer their record. The Department, at 
Washington, has promised to furnish blank forms for good records, with the 
understanding that the records are to be sent to the School Fair, and from 
thence sent back to the Department for use there. 

ScoHE Card for Maku^g Sciikdttles 

Variety of birds observed .50 points 

Accuracy of record 50 points 

100 points 
The most difficult part of this work is to identify the birds correctly — 
to distinguish between knoioing a bird and guessing at its name. The winter 
is the best time for laying this foundation. The number of species then 
present is not great and most of them, except the small brown sparrows, 
are so very different in looks that there should not be much trouble in identi- 
fying them or in making out a description sufficiently accurate to allow of its 
recognition by any one who is acquainted with the common birds. 

When the winter birds are known, one can deal intelligently with the 
other species as they arrive in the spring. 

For identification. Chapman's ''Bird Life" is recommended. It is pub- 
lished by D. Appleton & Co.. New York City, for .$2, and will make a valu- 
able addition to any school library. 



29 



DOMESTIC SCIENCE 



In this Department, assistance may be received only in practice work. 
The article exhibited must be the product of exhibitor's unaided effort. 
Sealed envelope containing entry sheet should be tied to jars or cans of 
goods, or to the cakes and pies, etc., then they will be removed and a duplicate 
tag given. 

Pound of Butter 

In competition for prizes offered for Best Pound of Butter, each com- 
petitor must — 

1. Send in, for exhibition, one pound of fresh butter, not more than 
four days old, printed, or shaped in a round ball, and wrapped in a clean, 
damp, white cloth, or damp butter-paper, with a label stating date of churning. 
The milk must be from one cow only. 

2. Send in report covering the following points: 

(a) Date of churning for exhibition butter. 

(b) Breed of cow from which butter was made, description of her stall 
or stable, with especial reference to cleanliness — the bedding used, food, 
health. 

(c) The number of milkings, and quantity of milk obtained, for com- 
petitor's butter making; when milked, and how much butter obtained there- 
from. 

id) Process of making the butter — whether milk or cream v. as chiuned. 
If cream, whether from deep or shallow setting, or from separator. 

(f) How old and in what condition milk or cream when churned. 

(/) How milk or cream cared for — where, and in what kind of vessels 
kept — how strained — temperature at which churned. 

(g) Vessels and utensils used for working and churning. 

(h) How butter worked and salted, and amount of salt used to pound o*' 
butter. 

(i) How milk and butter utensils cared for and kept clean. 

(j) Value of milk used. 

(fc) Number and value of hours of labor spent in making butter. 

(I) Estimated number of pounds of butter which might have been made 
with the same labor. 

(m) Total cost of butter. 

(«) Total market value of butter. 

Score Card for Butter. 

Taste 25 points 

Grain and keeping qualities 25 points 

^'oloi' 15 points 

Firmness and form of roll 1.5 points 

Manner in which prepared for exhibition 10 points 

Written report 10 points 

100 poiiits 
30 



SuCKiKSTIONS I'OK MaKI VG (tOOl) Bl'TI I-R 

The cow must be healthy and her surroundings clean and well kept. 
Milk should be strained twice, using clean, damp cloths. 

The utmost care must be given to keeping cle:in the place where milk 
and butter are kept, as well as all utensils and other things used in 
connection therewith. The best test of cleanliness is abs(>nce of disagreeable 
odors. 

Milk utensils should l)e first rinsed in cold water, then washed in 
hot suds or soda water, rinsed in hot water, and, where possible, sunned. 

Wooden bowls and paddles are best for butter-making. These, and the 
churn, should, before using, be scalded and then chilled with cold water. 

Cream which is to be churned should be kept near the temperature 
of spring water (from 52 to 60 degrees F.). Milk may be warmer. Milk 
thermometers may be obtained at small cost (about 1?. cents) from almost 
any large department store. 

Wash butter quickly through two waters, weigh and add one ounce 
of salt to each pound; work slightly and let stand from six to twenty- 
four hours, then work out all the water. 

Write to Department of Agriculture, Washington, D. C. for Farmers' 
Bulletins Nos. 57 and 63, giving valuable information about butter-making. 

Bread 

In competition for prizes offered for Best Loaf of Brearl, each competitor 
must — 

1. Exhibit a loaf of bread made in accordance with the following specifi- 
cations: 

(a) The materials used must be — 

For yeast bread: White flour, granulated sugar, firm white lard, 

yeast, salt, water. 
For salt-rising bread. The ingredients called for by your recipe. 

(b) The bread must be baked the day before it is sent to the Fair for 
exhibition. (Several loaves may be made and the best selected.) 

2. Send in written report covering the following points: 
(n) Brand of flour used. 

ib) Kind of yeast used in yeast bread. 

('■) The amount and cost of each of the materials used. 

( (I ) How mixed and set to rise — number of times set to rise before 
baking, for how long and at about what temperature. 

(e) Baking of loaf — time, and at about what temperature of oven. 

(/) Care after baking. 

ig) Number of hours of labor consumed in making and caring for 
loaf. 

( /M Value of labor per hour. 

(/) Total cost of loaf. 

(./) Estimated number of loaves which could be made in the time con- 
sumed in making one. 

(fc) Recipe used in making salt-iising bread. 
ScoKK Caki) for BRKAI) 

Flavor, taste, odor 40 points 

Texture of crumb: Lightness, doughiness. color, moisture :!5 points 

Texture of crust: Color, hardness 10 points 

Form of lo i f 5 points 

Written report 10 points 

100 points 
31 



SrccKSTioxs loR Making Good Yeast Brkad 

Good yeast is essential. 

Bread sliould rise three times — 

First rising — tlie batter, using one-tliird of tlie flour. 
Second rising — the dough, worlcing in the rest of the flour. 
Third — the loaves before they are baked. 
All measurements must be level. Heap the material up, being careful 
not to pack, and then push off all above the top of the measure. 

Yeast thrives best in an even temperature of from 70 degrees to 90 
degrees — never warmer than new milk. Cold numbs the yeast so that 
it does not rise well. Hot water, or too hot a place by the stove, kills the 
yeast. 

Farmers' Bulletins Xos. 112 and 24'.t, giving much helpful information 
about bread making, may be obtained by writing to the Department of 
Agriculture, Washington, D. C. 

Soda Biscuit 

Each competitor for prizes offered for Best tioda Biscuit must send 
in for exhibition six soda biscuits made and baked by herself. 

ScoRK Card for Soda Bisci'it 

Lightness 25 points 

Baking 2.") points 

Taste 25 points 

Appearance 25 points 

100 points 
SutiGESTio.xs I'OK Maki.nc Good Soda Biscrrrs 
(FKOjt Harkisoxiui;*; X()r:m ai. School Bulletin.) 

One quart flour, one teaspoon soda, two teaspoons salt, two to three 
tablespoons lard, about one and one-half cups buttermilk. 

Mix as for baking powder biscuit, except that the dough is a little 
stiffer and is made a little smoother. Roll one-qu.irter to three-eighths 
inches thick. Cut, and bake in a hot oven. 

When a biscuit looks yellow and smells of soda lessen the quantity 
at the next making. 

Sometimes a teaspoon of baking powder is used in soda biscuit, but 
this is not necessary when the soda is good. 

Soda bought in packages seems to be better than that which is "loose." 

Pie 

Each competitor for the prizes offered for Best Pic of Any Kind must 
send in a written report covering the following points: 

(a) Brand of flour and kind of shortening used. 

(h) Quantity and cost of each of the materials used. 

(c) Method of mixing and cooking pastry and filling. 

(f/) Care after cooking. 

{c) Time spent and its value, per hour. 

(/) Estimated number of pies which could be made in time consumed 
in making one. 

(g) Total cost of pie. 

32 



Scoiu-: Card foh Pie 

Crispness and flakiness of pastry 50 points 

Appearance 1 •"• points 

Flavor and consistency of filling 25 points 

Written report 10 points 

100 points 

Cakes 

Each competitor for the prizes offered for Best Pound Cake must ex- 
hibit a cake made in accordance with the following specifications: 

(a) The materials must be: Butter, granulated sugar, eggs, white flour 
and flavoring. 

(&) The cake must, be baked the day before it is sent to the School 
Fair for exhibition and must not be iced. 

Each competitor for the prizes offered for Best Cup Cake must exhibit 
a cake made in accordance with the following specifications: 

(a) The loaf must be baked in a half-pound cake mould. 

(7)) The materials must be: Butter, granulated sugar, eggs, milk, white 
flour, baking powder and flavoring. 

(c) The cake must be baked the day before it is sent to the School 
Pair for exhibition and must not be iced. 

All exhibitors in the cake competition, except in Class A. must send 
in a written report covering the following points: 

(a) Brand of flour used. 

(6) Brand of baking powder used. 

(c) Brand of flavoring used. 

(d) Amount and cost of each of the materials used in making the cake. 

(e) How the materials are prepared for mixing and how mixed. 
(/) How the mould is prepared before the cake batter is put in it. 
(g) Baking of cake — time and at what temperature of oven, 

(h) Care after baking. 

(i) Time consumed in making and baking. 

(?) Value of labor per hour. 

(k) Total cost of cake. 

(I) In cup cake contest state brand of baking powder used. 

Score C.a.rd for .J^'DGI^'G C.\ke 

Flavor, taste, odor 30 points 

Texture of crumb: Lightness, ])orousness, color, moisture 30 points 

Texture of crust: Color, hardness 15 points 

Appearance of cake: Shape, unbroken surface 15 points 

Written report 10 points 

100 points 

SroGESTioxs FOR M.MCiXG Goou Cake 

Butter must be sweet and firm; sugar must be fine granulated; eggs 
must be fresh; flour must be white and dry; milk must be sweet. 

All measurements must be level. Heap the material up, being care- 
ful not to pack, and then push off all above the top of the measure. 

33 



Canned Fruits 

Each competitor for prizes offered for tlie Best Can uf Fruit must — 

1. Send in for exliibition one-quart glass jar of canned fruit. Peaches 
canned with the seed will not be accepted. 

2. Send in written report covering the following points: 

(a) Itemized statement of quantity and value of material used. 

(&) Vessels and appliances used in canning. 

(c) Preparation of fruit. 

id) Method of canning. 

(e) Number and value of hours of labor spent. 

(/) Estimated number of cans of fruit which might have been canned 
with same labor. 

(g) Total cost. 

ScoHK Caki) you Cax%\ki) Pkacijks and Peax^s 

Condition of fruit 50 points 

Clearness 20 points 

Appearance in jar 20 points 

Written report 10 points 

100 points 

Jellies 

Each competitor for prizes offered for Brst Glass of Jelly must — 

1. Send in, for exhibition, one glass of jelly, made by her, without as- 
sistance. 

2. Send in a written report covering the following points: 
(a) Quantity of sugar to pound of fruit. 

(h) Kind of vessel in which made. 

{(•) Length of time cooked. 

id) Method of preparation of fruit. 

((') Value and quantity of materials. 

(/) Number and value of hours of labor spent. 

(g) Estimated number of glasses of jelly which might have been made 
with same labor. 

(70 Total cost. 

StORE Card for Jellies 

Consistency 35 points 

Clearness 35 points 

Flavor 20 points 

Written report 10 points 

'■00 points 

Preserves 

Each competitor for the prizes offered for Best Quart of Preserves must — 
1. Send in for exhibition one-quart glass jar of preserves, made without 
assistance. 

2. Send in a written report covering the following points: 
(a) Quantity of sugar to pound of fruit, 
(ft) Kind of vessel in which made. 

(c) Length of time cooked. 

(d) Method of preparation of fruit and syrup. 

(e) Value of materials. 

(/) Number of hours of labor. 
(g) Value of labor per hour. 
(h) Total cost. 

34 



ScoK'K (\\i;i> yon .Tidcixi; Piai h Phkskuvks 

Fineness, tendei'iiess and clearness of fruit 40 points 

Consistency of syrup -o points 

Appearance of fruit in jar 15 points 

Flavor 10 points 

Written report 1 <> points 

loO points 

SC'OUK CaKI) I-'OI! jTM)(iI.N(; S IK A WliKKK Y PkKSKRVKS 

Firmness, tenderness and clearness of fruit '27> points 

Consistency of syrup 20 points 

Appearance in jar -•'» points 

Flavor 20 paints 

Written report 10 points 

100 points 

Pickles 

Each competitor for the prizes offered for Best Qua it of Piiklr must — ■ 

1. Send in for exhibition one quart glass jar of pickle made by her 
without assistance. 

2. Send in a written report covering the following points: 
(o) Quantity and kind of materials used. 

(b) Kind of vessel in which made. 

(c) Length of time cooked. 

(f7) Method of preparation of fruit or vegetable and syrup. 

(e) Value of materials. 

(/) Number of hours of labor. 

ig) Value of labor per hour. 

(/n Total cost. 

S( OHi; C.VKII lOK SWKKT AM) SOV K CUCUAl ItKl! PiCKI.E 

Cucumbers must be from 1 to 2 inches in length. 

Flavor •">0 points 

Crispness 15 points 

Appearance in jar 15 points 

Color 10 points 

Written report 10 points 

100 points 
ScoiiK Caisi) fok Pka( a Picki.k 

Flavor 50 points 

Firmness and tenderness 15 points 

Appearance in jar 15 points 

Consistency of syrup 10 points 

Written report 10 points 

100 points 
School Lunch 

Each competitor for prizes offered for Best ScJiool Lunch must send 
in. for exhibition, a school lunch prepared for otie person. 

S( ORK C.\Ri) Toi! School Ltxcii 

Selection of materials 20 points 

Arrangement 20 points 

General appearance 20 points 

Quality 20 points 

Quantity 20 points 

35 



DOMESTIC ART 



In this department, instruction and assistance may be received in prac- 
tice work only, except wliere otherwise specifically provided, and the article 
exhibited must be the product of the exhibitor's unaided effort. 

(See General Rules and Regulations for form of certificate and other 
conditions.) 

Machine Made Shirtwaist 

Each competitor for the prizes offered for Best Mavlime-Made Shirt-Waist 
must: 

1. Send in, for exhibition, a machine-made, tailored shirt-waist or blouse, 
of a size to fit herself, made of suitable white material and laundered. All 
the w'ork of making and laundering must be done by competitor, unaided, 
except that advice and assistance in fitting may be obtained from some one of 
experience. 

2. Send in written report covering the following points: 
(a) Name, quality and price of material used. 

(&) Number and market value of hours of labor spent in making and 
laundering waist. 

(c) Total cost of waist. 

(d) How material was used. 

(e) Process of laundering. 
(/) How waist was folded. 

(By writing to Proctor & Gamble, Cincinnati. Ohio, you can get a free 
booklet on laundering.) 

Score Card for Maciiixe-Made Shirtwaist 

Selection of material 10 points 

Making — 

Buttonholes and buttons 15 points 

Finishing seams 20 points 

Cuffs and cuff placket 20 points 

— — ■ 55 points 

Laundering 25 points 

Written report 10 points 

100 points 
Hand-Made, Hand-Embroidered Shirtwaist 

Each competitor for prizes offered for the Best Hand-Made. Hand-Em- 
broidered Shirtivaist, must: 

1. Send in, for exhibition, a hand-made shirtwaist or blouse, of a size 
to fit herself, made of white material, suitable to be embroidered and laund- 
ered. It must be trimmed with hand-embroidery. No other trimming per- 
mitted, except a simple edge, where desired. All the work of making, em- 
broidering and laundering must be done by competitor, unaided, except that 
advice and assistance in fitting may be obtained from some one of experience. 

2. Send in written report covering the following points: 

(a) Name, quantity and price of material used. 

(b) Number and market value of hours used in making, embroidering 
and laundering waist, given separately. 

£6 



(c) Total cost of waist. 

(d) Sewing and embroidery stitclies used. 

(e) How material was used. 

(/) Process of laundering. 

(g) How waist was folded. 

Score Card for Haxd-M.vdk, Haxd-E3[I!Roidi:ri:i) Sii in i waist 

Selection of material 10 points 

Making — 

Neatness of sewing 15 points 

Regularity of stitches 10 points 

Use of proper stitch 1.5 points 

Embroidery 25 points 

65 points 

Design and general appearance 15 points 

Written report 10 points 

100 points 

Rag Rug 

Each competitor for prizes offered for Best Rag Rug must send in, for 
exhibition, one rag rug, and a written report covering the following points: 

1. Material used — kind and quality. 

2. Method of making. 

3. Time consumed in making. 

4. Value of material. 

5. Number and value of hours of labor spent in making rug. 

6. Total cost. 

ScoKK Card for Rag Rug 

Durability .30 points 

Beauty of design 30 points 

Utilization of otherwise waste material 30 points 

Written report 10 points 

100 points 

Bureau Scarf 

Each competitor for prizes offered for Best Brawn Work Bureau Scarf 
must send in, for exhibition, one white bureau scarf decorated only by drawn 
work, and a written report covering the following points: 

(a) Number of hours of labor spent in making scarf. 
(&) Quantity of material used. 

(c) Cost of material used. 
(fZ) Total cost. 

Sofa Pillow 

Each competitor for prizes offered for Best Sofa Pilloio Cover must send 
in one sofa pillow cover, 18x18 inches in size, completed, ready for a pillow, 
and a written report covering the following points: 

(o) Kind of material used. 

(b) Quantity of material used. 

(c) Hours of labor consumed in making. 
(fZ) Value of labor per hour. 

(e) Total cost. 

37 



Score Card for Bureait Scarf axd Sofa Pillow 

Workmanship 2.". points 

Beauty of design -■"> points 

Relation of workmansliip and beauty of design to cost in materials 

and labor 40 points 

Written report 10 points 

100 points 

Hand-Made Jabot 

Each competitor for prizes offered for Best Hand-Made Jabot must send 
in one jabot trimmed with crochet lace made by competitor, and a written 
report covering the following points: 

(«) Material used — quantity and kind. 

( h ) Cost of material. 

(r) Number and value of hours of labor consumed. 

(d) Total cost. 

Score Card for Hand-Made Jap.ot 

Beauty of design 35 points 

Workmanship 35 points 

Relative value of workmanship and design to cost of labor and 

material 20 points 

Written report 10 points 

100 points 

Button Holes 

Each competitor for prizes offered for Brst Button Holes must send in for 
exhibition a piece of bleached cotton, unlaundered, upon which has been 
worked three button holes of the same size, and a written report giving direc- 
tions for making good button holes. 

ScouE Card for Bx^tiox Holes 

Shape 30 points 

Durability 30 points 

Regularity of stitches 30 points 

Written report 10 points 

100 points 
Darned Hose 

Each competitor for prizes offered for Best Darned Hose must send in 
for exhibition, a pair of hose in which two holes have been worn and darned, 
with written directions for neat darning. 



S( ORE Card for Dar.mxc; 

Regularity of stitches 45 points 

Connection of stitches to hose 45 points 

Written report 10 points 

100 points 
38 



Patch 

No. Each conipt'titor for prizes otfered lor 7>c.s7 PalrJi on striped 

Material must send in a piece of striped cotton material which has been 
patched. No written report required. 

S(<)i;i: Caim) i oi: Pak ii 

Matching stripes 40 points 

Neatness of corners 30 points 

Neatness of seams and stitches 30 points 



100 points 



Hand-Made Housework Apron 



Each competitor for prizes offered for Best Hand-Made Houseicorlc Apron 
must send in for exhil)ition a hand-made housework apron made according 
to the following directions: 

Material: White lawn, 27 inches wide, sufficient for two widths the re- 
quired length, plus 'i yard for bib and pocket. 

Take of the white lawn, enough for two lengths, each three inches 
longer than the skirt, and use the remainder of goods for bib. straps and 
pocket. Take one width, cut off a band three inches wide all the way down 
to be used for straps; then fold the remainder in the center, measure three 
inches off selvage edge at top, graduated to nothing at the bottom — (fig 1). 





Fig. I Fig. II 

Take the second width, measure twelve inches from the selvage edge 
at the top to twelve inches from the opposite selvage edge at the bottom; 
trim off all selvage, and, using the narrow ends of each piece for the top, put 
straight edge of No. 2 to bias edge of No. 1 ; make a narrow seam on right 
side, using running stitch. Clip these seams closely 1-8 inch deep, and turn 
to wrong side and sew again with running and back stitch; fold apron through 
the center, and trim side gores at the bottom even with the center length; 
hem half-inch hem down the two sides; turn a two-inch hem, using a measure, 
and baste across the bottom, and then hem it; fold apron in half and at the 
center top of the fold cut off one inch and slope up to top of the side hem 
to prevent wrinkling at the belt. 

:\Iark off the skirt into fourths; measure the length of belt and put a 
notch about three inches from each end to mark where the skirt is to come; 
divide this space for the skirt into fourths; gather entire skirt with double 
thread and pin it into its place on the belt according to the notches, baste 
and sew on to the belt with back stitch. The belt has now to be turned down, 
basted and hemmed to cover the backstitching described above; ends of belt 
must be whipped (overhand) down and around the ends and finished with 
a buttonhole; the bib is to be hemmed one and one-half inch across the top 
and then put into the straps at the sides just as if they were bindings; the 
straps cross in the back and button to buttons placed about two and one-half 
inches from the ends of belt; the straps are to be whipped on the turned-in 
edges the whole length of the strap and across the ends. 

Make pockets having one-inch hem and rounded at the bottom and 
hemmed down to the apron after basting it into place; the size will depend 
upon the size of the apron. 

39 



Apron must not be washed before exhibited, but may be pressed. Send 
in written reports covering the following points: 

(a) Name, quantity and price of material used. 

ib) Number and market value of hours of labor spent in making apron. 

(c) Total cost of apron, including labor. 

Score Card for Hovsework Apron 

General appearance and attention to directions 25 points 

Sewing, hemming, whipping, felling, backstitching, buttonholes 50 points 

Cleanliness 10 points 

Written report 15 points 

100 points 
No apron received without the written report. 

Doll-Bed Outfit 

Each competitor for prizes for Best Doll-Bed Outfit must exhibit such 
an outfit made according to the following conditions: 

The following material must be used: One-third yard bed-ticking at 
10 or 12i/l> cents; one-third yard cambric at 10 or 12i/> cents; one-fourth 
yard solid color outing, 10 or 12% cents; one spool silkaline matching 
outing; 80 thread (white); 50 thread (white). Stuffing: Cotton batting 
or wool. For the mattress we will first cut two pieces, six by nine inches, 
for top and bottom, then we will cut three strips of ticking two inches wide, 
to be sewed together and used for the sides of the mattress, sew the long 
strip of ticking all the way round on side of the top piece of ticking, then 
sew the bottom piece of ticking to the side strips all the way round except 
about three inches; turn the tick and proceed to stuff it carefully, filling the 
corners first; work the stuffing out evenly, with no lump. Then turn in the 
edges of the gap left for filling and sew together by overhanding; 

then with a pencil dot five dots on the tick, so — Take a big 

needle with double thread and tack it through and through several times; 
then with a double heavy thread (dark blue silkaline or worsted is best) take 

a long stitch, one-half inch, on the wrong side, like this — , bringing 

threads through to top side and tie in a hard knot; then put in a second 
stitch on wrong side, crossing first so — X; tie this on top side in hard 
knot; cut off ends about an inch long and press out flat into a circle; treat 
all the dots in the same way. 

Sheets: Take piece of cambric twelve by ten inches; hem sides one- 
eighth inch, hem bottom one-quarter, and top one-half inch hem (80 thread). 

Bolster: Take two pieces of ticking, 6x3 inches, sew up ends and sides, 
every other stitch a back stitch. All ticking to be sewed with 50 thread. 
Turn and stuff full and then turn in edges and overhand as in mattress. 

Bolster Slips: Take two pieces of cambric, 8x4 inches, sew up end and 
sides, every other stitch a back stitch. Then overcast these seams; finish off 
with a one-half-inch hem. 

Blanket: Cut a piece of outing eight by ten inches; overcast sides 
with thread of same color (cotton thread).; finish ends with blanket stitch. 

Score Card for Doll-Bed Outfit 

General appearance and attention to directions 25 points 

Sewing: Hemming, whipping, felling, backstitching, overcasting 30 points 

Workmanship on mattress 20 points 

Cleanliness and selection of material, suitability 25 points 

100 points 
40 



Hand Embroidered Center Piece 

Each competitor imist send in — 

1. A centre piece with eitlier lace or scalloped edge, and with not more 
than two sprays of embroidery, one large (if desired) and one smaller. 

2. Written report — 

(a) Name, quantity and price of material used. 

(b) Number and market value of time used, total cost. 

(c) Stitches used. 

SCOKK C.\K1) FOK Ha.\U-E.\1[!1{()IL)KK1.I) Ck.\ TKK-Pl I.( K 

Written report 30 points 

General appearance — •. . 

Neatness IT) points 

Stitches I'O points 

Laundry l'> points 

■ 50 points 

Selection of material 20 points 

100 points 

Embroidered Dutch Collar and Jabot 

Each competitor shall send in — 

1. Hand embi-oidered Dutch collar and jabot, made by herself. 

2. Written report, same as above. 
Score Card: Same as centre piece. 

Crocheted Collar and Jabot 

Each competitor shall send in — 

1. Crocheted collar and jabot, done by herself. 

2. Written report, same as centre piece. 
Score Card: Same as centre piece. 

Corset Cover (Hand-Made) 

Each competitor must — 

1. Send in a hand-made corset cover of size to fit herself. 

2. Material to be used either nainsook or longcloth, and trimming niiv 
be either hand embroidery with beading, edging and white ribbon, or linen 
tape, or lace insertion and beading and edging, with white ribbon or linen 
tape. 

3. Written report — 

(o) Name, quantity and price of material used. 

(b) Number and value of market hours used in making; total cost. 

(c) Stitches used. 
((/) Folding. 

SCOHK C.\K1) FOK COKSKT CoVFI! 

Written report 15 points 

General appearance -1" points 

Stitches — • 

Regularity l"j points 

Use proper stitches 15 points 

. Button and button holes 10 points 

Neatness 10 points 

45 points 

100 points 
41 



Embroidered Belt and Collar 

Each exhibitor must — 

Exhibit one embroidered belt and collar, made entirely by herself, with- 
out assistance. The belt and collar may be embroidered according to fancy 
of the maker, provided the work is all her own. No purchased trimming 
may be used. 

Best Dressed Doll 

Each competitor for prizes offered for the Best Dressed Doll must send 
in a doll about twelve iijches high, dressed entirely by herself. The under- 
dothes shall be of write lawn or long cloth, trimmed with lace edging, no 
tucks allowed. (Edging is not necessary, but is the limit of the trimming 
allowed.) The dress shall be of thin wash material; only a few tucks 
and lace edging allowed as trimming; all clothes shall be made and have 
buttons and buttonholes. 

Score Caku for Bkst Drksskh Doij. 

General appearance and attention to directions 50 points 

Neatness 15 points 

Stitches used 35 points 

Crib Quilt 

Each competitor for prizes offered for Best Crib Quilt must send in 
for exhibition one hand-made patchwork calico crib quilt, completely finished 
and ready for use. 

ScoKK Card for Crii; Qrii.i' 

Design 10 points 

Neatness 15 points 

Workmanship — 

Patchwork corners .' 15 points 

Seams 15 points 

Lining 15 points 

Binding 15 points 

Quilting 15 points 

75 points 

100 points 

Hemstitched Handkerchief 

Each competitor for prizes offered for Best Hevi stitched HandkercJiief 
must — ' 

1. Send in one hemstitched linen handkerchief, made entirely by herself. 

2. Send in a story of the flax, telling the processes by which it is finally 
made into a handkerchief. 

ScoRK Card for HKMSTiTtiiFi) Handkkrchikf 

Workmaushir) — 

Regularity and fineness of stitching 30 points 

Neatness of corners 30 points 

Story of flax — 

Accuracy of information 20 points 

Spelling, neatness and penmanship 20 points 

100 points 

42 



SrGCiESTioxs FOR HK:\iSTnc iiiNi; 

There are several ways of making the stitch. Select the one that holds 
the threads apart strongly, so that they will not run hack together when 
the article is laundered. Each stitch should be distinctly wedge-shaped. 

After determining the width of the hem, draw three, four or five threads 
across the article to be hemstitched. The number of threads drawn may be 
determined by the coarseness of the materials. Ordinary lawn should rarely 
have over three: Indian head, four or five. Print and baste the hem 
carefully in place. 

Use fine thread the length of your arm. Begin at right-hand end of 
hem, as for hemming. Do not use knot in thread. Insert needle so that the 
end of thi'ead will be caught under stitches in hem. Begin hemstitching 
by inserting the needle under the number of threads desired in each stitch 
(usually the same as the number of threads drawn from hem). Draw the 
thread through. Insert needle again around the same threads, this time 
letting it come through edge of hem beside the last thread. Draw thread 
closely, but not tightly enough to draw the material. Continue each stitch 
as above. When corners are turned, as in a handkerchief, there will be 
double threads across the corners. More care is necessary here, as more 
threads must be taken up at one time. Hemstitching is the usual basis for all 
drawn work. When double hemstitching is desired, hemstitch the other side 
of the drawn threads just as you did the hemmed side. 



43 



MANUAL TRAINING 



In this department instructions and assistance may be received only 
in practice worlt, unless otherwise specifically provided, and the article 
exhibited must be tlie product of the exhibitor's unaided effort. 

(See General Rules and Regulations for form of certificate and other 
conditions.) 

Mission Book Shelves 

Each competitor for prizes offered for Best Plain Mission Book Shelves 
must— 

1. Send in for exhibition a case of book shelves, made of some good 
hard wood plank dressed on sides and edges, in plain mission style, with- 
out doors, and properly finished and stained. The upright pieces must 
be long enough to rest on the floor and be from eight to ten inches wide. 

2. Send in a written report covering the following points: 

(a) Kind and quantity of material used. 

(b) Cost of material; itemized. 

(c) Number and value of hours of labor consumed in making. 

(d) Total cost. 

(e) Plain directions for making a similar case. 

ScoKK Cakii for Book Shki.vk.s 

Suitability of material, considered in relation to cost 20 points 

Workmanship ",0 points 

Design 20 points 

Written repoi-t 10 points 

100 points 

Suggestions for Book Shelves 

Oak plank is good material for book shelves. The filler and stain should 

be put on evenly and carefully so as to give a soft dull finish and bring 

out the grain of the wood. The Mission style of furniture can be seen 

at any high-grade furniture store. 

The shelves should be so placed as to permit books of different sizes to 
be placed on different shelves. 

Book Case 

Each competitor for prizes foi' Best Book-Case must send in, for exhibi- 
tion a book case made entirely by himself, not to exceed three feet in heiglit 
or length and a written report covering the same points as the one on Mission 
Book Shelves. Same score card as Mission Book shelves. 

Axe Handle 

Each competitor for the prizes offered for Best Axe Handle must— 

1. Send in for exhibition one axe handle, made of suitable timber for 
practical use, of the curved shape originally covered by patent rights, and 
for tliat reason still popularly designated as a "Patent" axe handle. 

2. Send in a written report, covering the following points: 
(a) Kind and cost of timber used. 

(&) Tools used. 

(c) Number of hours and value of labor spent in making axe handle. 

44 



ScoRK Card for Judging Axe Handi.k 

Selection of timber 15 points 

Shape and size 50 points 

Finisli and general appearance 25 points 

Written report 10 points 

100 points 
Suggestions for Making Axe Handle 

Select good, straight-grained hickory timber, remove bark and smooth 
with drawing knife. 

Make a pattern of soft, thin pine board, lay it on smooth surface of the 
hickory timber and mark off with lead pencil. Trim the helve down nearly 
to the desired shape and size with drawing knife, then scrape with glass and 
polish with sand-paper. 

Farm Rake 

Each competitor for prizes offered for Best Farm Hake must — 

1. Send in, for exhibition, one hand-made farm r.ike of suitable timber 
and proper size for practical use. 

2. Send in written report covering the following points: 
(a) Kind and cost of timber used. 

(h) Tools used. 

(c) Number and value of hours of labor spent in making rake. 

(d) Total cost of rake. 

ScoHK Card for Judging Farm Rake 

Selection of timber 15 points 

Shape, size and practical usefulness and durability 50 points 

Finish and general appearance 25 points 

Written report 10 points 

100 points 

Suggestions for Making A Good Far.m Rake 

Select good, tough, white oak timber. Study the rakes used on the farm 
by your father and others, and make a better one. 

Hoe 

Each competitor for prizes offered for Best Hoe must — 

1. Send in a hoe, without handle, made by him in a blacksmith shop. 

2. Send in a written report covering the following points: 

(a) Kind and cost of material used. 

(b) Tools and facilities used. 

(e) Number and value of hours of labor spent in making hoe. 

Score Card for Judging Hoe 

Shape 30 points 

Size 30 points 

Finish 30 points 

Written report 10 points 

100 points 
It is suggested that you go to some local blacksmith shop and get the 
smith to show you how he makes hoes. Then keep trying until you can 
make a good one. 

45 



Shuck Door Mat 

Each competitor for prizes offered for Best Shuck Door Mat must — 

1. Send in for exhibition one door mat made of shuclcs from matured 
corn. The shucks must be fastened together with wliite o-dk splits or rattan, 
so as to make a compact and durable mat with a rough surface of shucks 
on top. 

2. Send in a written report covering the following points: 
(a) Description of process of making. 

(b Number and value of hours of labor spent in making mat. 

(c) Amount and cost of material. 

(d) Total cost. 

ScoKK Caiu) loii Dook-Mat 

Selection of material 30 points 

Method of making 60 points 

Written report 10 points 

100 points 
Use nice white shucks, moistened in warm water so as to be soft when 
used. 

Picture Frame 

Each competitor for prizes offered for Best Picture Fratiic must send 
in for exhibition a picture of his own selection which he has framed with 
moulding made by himself. The moulding must not be varnished. 

2. Send in written report covering the following points: 

(a) Describing method of making moulding and framing picture. 

(b) Kind and cost of material used. 

(c) Number and value of hours of labor spent. 

(d) Total cost of picture and frame. 

(e) Subject of picture. 

ScoKK Card for Pktx'ke Fkamf. 

Design of frame 30 points 

Workmanship of frame 30 points 

Artistic merit of framed picture 30 points 

Written report 10 points 

100 points 

SUOGESTIOXS FOE PrAME AND PiCTURK 

For the moulding, select some good close-grained timber — oak, cedar, 
chesnut, etc. Make a plain, neat frame, being careful to have joints at 
corners fit perfectly and fastened securely. Frame a picture that means 
something to you — that you like to look at because it gives you good and 
pleasant thoughts. Make your frame bring out the good points of your picture. 

The size of the picture cliosen will not affect the score. 

Short Handled Broom 

Each competitor for prizes offered for Best Short Handled Broom must — 

1. Send in one short broom, the stalk of the broom-corn forming the 
handle. 

2. Send in written report giving careful instructions for making brooms, 
with detailed statement of amount and value of labor and material used 
in making. 

46 



SrOKK C.\l!l) lOI! SlIOKl Bl!0()\l 

Workmanship 60 points 

Quality of material selected 30 points 

Written report 10 points 

ion points 

Baskets 

All competitors for prizes offered for baskets must send in clear written 
instructions for preparing the material and making the kind of basket ex- 
hibited. 

Scoiti'; Caki) I()I{ Baski:is 

Design and workmanship 50 points 

Finish and general appearance 25 points 

Quality of material selected 15 points 

Written instructions 10 points 

100 points 

Each competitor for Best Si)lit Basket must send in one peck basket, 
made of white oak splits. 

Each competitor for Best Willow Basket must send in one lunch size 
basket, made of willow. 

Each competitor for Best Woi'k Basket must send in one basket made 
of broom-sedge, corn splits or shucks from matured corn of size suitable 
for woman's work-basket. 

S( (,(;ks rioxs for Maki.xc! Sim, it Baskkis 

Splits should be made from tough, straight white oak. The handle, 
rim and ribs of the basket can usually be made from the heart of the timber 
from which the splits are gotten. 

Rive the splits with pocket knife with (not across) grain of the timber. 
Scrape with glass or knife to give a smooth, even surface. While working 
on basket, keep splits in water, to make them soft and pliant. It would be 
a good plan to secure an old basket and take it apart, observing carefully 
how the handle and rim are fastened together, the length and arrangement 
of the ribs and the manner in which the splits are woven. 

Set of Household Utensils 

Each competitor for prizes offered for Best jS'cf of Hoiiseliold Utensils 
must send in a butter-paddle, a potato-masher and a rolling pin, of size for 
practical use, whittled from native wood. The rolling pin must be in shape 
a perfect cylinder. 

ScoKK Cahi) for Hou.sehold Utkn.sii.s 

Workmanship 30 points 

Shape 30 points 

Quality of material 20 points 

Practical usefulness , 20 points 

100 points 

Wooden Sled 

Each competitor for prizes offered for Best Wooden Sled must send in 
a sled of serviceable size, made of suitable material and finished without paint 
or stain. 

47 



StOKK CaI;I1 lOK Sm 1) 

Workmanship 50 points 

Shape 25 points 

Quality of material 25 points 

100 points 

Rabbit Trap 

Each competitor for prizes offered for Best Rahhit Trap must send in one 
well constructed rabbit trap of the usual size. They will be judged by 
workmanship. 

Writing- Table 

Each competitor must send in a table 2i/4x3 feet, made out of poplar, 
pine or oak. 

Send in written report covering the following points: 

(a) Kind and quality of material used. 

(b) Cost of material — itemized. 

(c) Number and value of hours of labor consumed in making. 
id) Total cost. 

ScoKE Card fok Writing Taisi.e 

Workmanship 70 points 

Design 15 points 

Written report 15 points 

100 points 

Miniature Wagon 

Each competitor for prizes offered for Best Miniature Wagon must send 
in a wagon 6 feet long, including tongue, 2 feet wide and of proportionate 
height. Style and workmanship to control. 

Split Bottom Chair 

Each competitor for prizes offered for Best Split Bottom Chair must 
send in a split bottom chair made entirely by himself. 

Set of Garden Tools 

Each competitor for prizes offered for Best Set of Miniature Garden Tools 
must send in one set of tools — rake, spade, hoe and pick — whittled from 
native wood and small enough to be mounted on a card 24x36 inches. 

Miniature Bedstead 

Each competitor {or prizes offered for Best Miniature Bedstead must send 
in a miniature bedstead, size 10x16 inches; proportionate height from floor. 

Miniature Boat 

Eacli competitor for prizes offered for Best Minature Boat must send in 
a boat not less than 20 inches long nor more than 30 inches long and of 
proportionate width. No restriction as to the kind of model. 

48 



ATHLETICS 



Every county school fair committee sliould arrange several athletic 
events to be held on the day of the fair. Each school should hold preliminary 
competitive contests, and select one representative for each event. These 
representatives must be hona fide students in good standing. 

Select a good place for holding the contest, often race tracks or fair 
grounds are available. If they are not, a good road will answer the purpose 
provided it is roped off so the spectators cannot interfere with the contest- 
ants. 

Do not offer money prizes in this department, as that would make those 
who receive it professionals, and thus debar them from any form of college 
athletics. Prizes could be sweaters, track suits, baseball goods, football goods, 
medals, etc. It would be well to offer a banner or cup to the school scoring the 
highest number of points. The points should be awarded as follows: First 
place, 5; second place, 3: third place, 1. This should also apply to the relay 
race. 

Below are given rules and regulations governing various special events. 
and some suggestions for training for them. 

100-Yard Dash 

The start is the most importmt part of the 100-yard dash. The officials 
should carefully mark off the starting line, and the Clerk of the Course should 
assign the runners to their proper positions. The contestant should then take 
a stick or some sharp pointed instrument and dig a hole about eight inches 
from the line, the back of which should be perpendicular, so the left foot can 
rest in it, step in this mark and bring the right knee to the instep of the 
foot, and then dig a mark where the right foot touches; the purpose is to 
secure a good footing and something to inish against to get a quick start. At 
the command: "On your marks," place the feet in the marks and rest on 
the bended knee; upon the order: "Get set," straighten the knee somewhat 
and push the weight forward as far as possible upon the hands which are 
placed on the line. Wait for the report of the gun; when it is fired, push 
hard with the feet and hands, swinging the back foot forward with a snap 
and immediately get into the stride. Do not straighten up or try to leap 
from the marks. One should run for 10 or 15 yards before he is in an up- 
right position. When a runner is "set," his head should be up, and his eyes 
on the course ahead. Breathe only twice during the dash, once at the start 
and again at the 50-yard mark. Do not stop running abruptly, as it causes 
painful muscles, called "Charley Horse." 

220-Yard Dash 

As in the 100-yard dash, the start is the most important feature, and 
should be gotten down to a science. The 220-yard dash requires more en- 
durance than the shorter dashes. The pace is almost equal to that of the 
100 yards, and should be maintained. Some runners prefer to hold back 
a little speed for final effort. This is not a bad plan if the runner does not 
get too far behind. 

440-Yard Run 

The start is the same as in the 100 and 220-yard dashes, and is rather fast. 
This event is considered almost a dash, for it must be run at a very fast pace. 



The runner, after getting a fast start, should slow down into a long swinging 
stride, covering the ground with as little effort as possible, and making as 
much speed as he can. The last 30 or 50 yards is run at top speed. 

880- Yard Run 

The half-mile runner usually uses the standing start and gets away with 
good speed, running for about 220 yards and then slowing down a little, using 
a long even stride, which carries him over the track at a pretty good clip. The 
finish is sometimes made with a final sprint of speed. It is generally thought 
the best plan to save a little spring for the final effort, and yet it must be 
done with will-power in many cases. 

Low Hurdles (120 yards and 220 yards) 

In the 120-yard low-hurdle race ten hurdles should be used; height of 
hurdle, 30 inches. The hurdles should be placed ten yards apart, with the 
first hurdle 15 yards from the starting point, and the last hurdle 15 yards 
from the finishing line. In the 220-yard hurdle race, ten hurdles should be 
used; height of hurdle, 30 inches. The hurdles should be placed 20 yards 
apart, with the first hurdle 20 yards from the starting mark, and the last 
hurdle 20 yards from the finishing line. 

Low hurdles can be made as follows: Select two pieces of timber 2 inches 
by 1 inch and six inches long; to those, nail two 1-inch boards, 2 inches wide 
and 30 inches long, then nail strips across the top and bottom. The accom- 
panying cut shows how this is done. 




As in many athletic events, form is of great importance. In clearing a 
hurdle, the body should not be laised over the cross piece any more than is 
possible. The rear leg and foot should be in a position ready to swing for- 
ward into the stride, as soon as the front foot touches the ground in the far 
side. If the spring is made off the right foot, the body is turned slightly to 
the right, and vicr versa. Beginner should work only one hurdle, taking the 
start the same as in the 100-yard dash and learn to ai)proach the hurdle at top 
speed clearing the s une in the stride, with as little glide as possible, rather 
a quick, snappy movement, bringing the front foot to the ground as soon as 
possible. When this is learned he should work over two or more, getting the 
stride even and the take "off foot" coming to the right place before the ob- 



Btacle. 



Running High Jump 



The equipment necessary for this event consists of two uprights and a 
cross bar, the bar should be a thin stick two inches in width and should rest 

50 



on pins which should project not more than three inches from the uprights. 
The height should be measured from the middle of the bar to the ground. 
A competitor shouh] be allowed three tri nl jumps at each height, and if at the 
third trial he should fail he should be declared out of the competition, a jump 
should be counted as a rtial jump if the competitoi- clears the bai- or if he 
knocks it from its place. 

There is no limit to the run a competitor may take before attempting a 
jump, and he may run to the bar in any direction. But the best form is to 
approach the stick straight to the front slowly, taking off the left foot, swing- 
ing the right up hard and across the body a little, using a strong upward 
arm heave, the body turning to the left and the left foot drawn up sharply al- 
most touching the other thigh. As the body is passing over the stick the left 
arm which is hanging down, should be forced backward and up, which raises 
the left foot off the stick, the jumper landing on all fours facing the stick. 
Little speed in the approach should be used except in the last two steps, which 
should be quick and hard, measure the take-off by standing in front of the 
bar, swinging up the other foot so that it just clears, then turn and step off 
about 18 or 20 steps, make a mark, and if the strides are even, the take-off 
will always come to the right place on the ground in front of the stick. If 
it does not, move the back mark one way or the other until it does. 

Standing High Jump 

The rules governing the running high jump, also govern the standing 
high jump, except that. 

The feet of the competitor may be placed in any position, but shall leave 
the ground only once in making an attempt to jump. When the feet are lifted 
from the ground twice, or two springs are made in making the attempt, it 
shall count as a trial jump without result. A competitor may rock forward 
and back, lifting the heels and toes alternately from the ground, but may not 
Tlift either foot clear from the ground, or slide it along in any direction. 

Running Broad Jump 

In the running broad jump a take-off board two inches by four inches 
and two feet long is set flush with the ground, broad side up, and in front 
of it the earth is dug out to a depth of three inches, and from an area of two 
square feet. The jumi)er can start back for his run as far as he wishes, though 
100 feet should be the maximum. His toe must not break the dirt in front of 
the take-off board, if it does his jump is a foul and counts one of his three 
trials. He should land on a place where the earth has been loosened and 
leveled. To get the best results, the jumper should run as fast as possible, 
strike the take-off board with the ball of his foot, jump high into the air, 
draw his feet up under his body as far as possible, and when alighting always 
fall forward. Each competitor should have three trial jumps, and the com- 
petitors finishing one, two, three and four in the trial jumps, should each 
have three more trial jumps. 

Standing Broad Jump 

Rules governing the running broad jump also govern the standing broad 
jump; except that, 

The feet of the competitor may be placed in any position, but shall leave 
the ground only once in making an attempt to jump. When the feet are lifted 
from the ground twice, or two springs are made in making the attempt, it 
counts as a trial jump without result. A competitor may rock forward and 
back, lifting heel and toes alternately from the ground, but may not lift 
either foot clear of the ground, or slide it along the ground in any direction. 

51 



Shot-Put 

The weight of the shot used for grammar and high school work is 12 
pounds, and is made of iron or lead. It is put from 7-foot circle, in which 
the putter must stay. Should any of his person touch the outside of the 
circle at the front, a loul is made and the put is counted as a trial without 
result. The shot is held in the fingers and thumb of the right hand with the 
palm upward. The elbow must be held well in to the side, and the shot near 
the shoulders. The weight is rested on the right foot at the back of the circle, 
a quick hop continuing into a snappy reverse of the entire body, the shot 
thrust forward and up, with all the force and dispatch possible. The putter 
should strive to get all of his weight into the final effort, making use of the 
entire body. If the left arm is forced backward the reverse is accellerated, 
thus more momentum may be secured. The shot putter cannot work too hard 
at this work. He must first get the form without the slightest hesitation be- 
tween the two movements, and then try to get more distance in the put. Each 
competitor shall be allowed three puts, and the best four men shall each be 
allowed three more puts. Each competitor shall be credited with the best of 
all his puts. Measurement of the put shall be from the nearest edge of the first 
mark made by the shot to the point of the circumference of the circle nearest 
such mark. 

Throwing Baseball 

The throw is made back of a scratch line or other mark on the ground, 
the thrower not being allowed to step in front of the line. Each competitor 
should be given three throws and be credited with the best of all his throws. 
The measurement of the throw should be from the scratch line to where the 
ball falls, rolling should not be taken into account. To save time in measur- 
ing, lines at known distances near where the ball is likely to fall may be 
marked off, and the measuring done from them. 

Potato Race 

In this race, from three to eight potatoes are placed two yards apart in a 
straight row. The first potato being two yards from a receptacle, which 
should be either a pail, basket, box or pan not over 36 inches in circumfer- 
ence at the opening. The finish is a line 5 yards back of the receptacle, which 
must be crossed after the last potato has been placed in the receptacle. There 
must be a separate row for each contestant. 

At the word "go!" each contestant takes up his potato, runs to the re- 
ceptacle, drops it in, and runs back for another, continuing this until all the 
potatoes are in the receptacle, contestant crossing the finish line first wins. 
If a contestant should drop a potato, he must replace it in the receptacle be- 
fore he touches another potato; otherwise he is disqualified. 

Shoe Race 

A scratch line is made upon the ground behind which the contestants 
will start. At a given signal, each contestant takes off both shoes, and, tak- 
ing them in his hands, runs 25 yards (or some other distance decided by ath- 
letic committee), puts on his shoes and returns, the one recrossing the scratch 
line first wins. If the shoes are not perfectly laced and tied, the runner is 
disqualified. 

Three-Legged Race (50 yards) 

In this race the boys run in pairs. Two boys, representing the same 
school, should be placed side by side, and the right leg of the one should be 
strapped or tied to the left leg of the other, two straps are used; one around 
the thigh and another around the ankle. This race requires much practice 
to get the best results. 

52 



Sack Race (50 yards) 

In the sac-k race the feet of the contestants are enck)se(l in a gunny sack 
and they can either run or jump the required distance. 

Relay Race 

Each school competing in this race must be represented by a team of 
four runners, the four members of the team placed along the track at proper 
position. First runnei- covers one-fourth of the distance, and touches the 
second runner, who runs the second fourth of the distance, and touches the 
third runner who runs the third fourth of the distance and touches the fourth 
runner, who completes the distance. The school wins the relay race whose 
fourth runner is first across the relay line. There should be a starting line, 
for each of the four classes of competitors. A line should be drawn 20 feet 
in front of each starting line, between these two lines each runner must touch 
the succeeding runner of his team. Paulure to do this disqualifies the team 
in that event. The judges of the relay race should see that all touches are 
properly made. 

Pole Vault 

There are four things which must be done simultaneously in the very 
start of the vault. As the point of the pole is stuck in the ground the take-off 
is made from the foot, the bottom hand slides upward to a position near the 
upper, both arms are then elevated over the head, and the pull up is started. 
As the "take-off foot" leaves the ground, the other is swung up and across the 
body, the arms are flexed, and the body brought into a position with the feet 
pointing iipward over the stick. As the feet start downward, the body is 
facing the stick and a strong upward impulse is given the arms and upper 
part of the body, which raises the shoulders and arms out of danger of knock- 
ing off the stick. The vaulter alights facing the stick and often on all four's. 
Great momentum is necessary, therefore great speed must be attained in the 
approach. It is not so much a jump as it is a "swing up" which causes the 
vaulter to attain the desired heights. Learn the form and approach, then 
try it on low heights, and gradually work upward. Do not try to work too 
hard or too long at it, as one may easily overdo. Work at fast short running 
for speed. It is well to carry the pole in these runs, as the runner should learn 
to run with it in his hands. In running or in making your approach to the 
stick, carry the point high up, and whip or snap it down at the proper moment. 

Some General Training- Hints to Contestants 

Get plenty of sleep at regular hours. 

Be temperate in the matter of eating. 

Eat such nourishing foods as oat meal, rice, whole wheat bread, lots 
of butter. Much meat is not necessary. 

Avoid pies, cakes, sweet meats, highly spiced food, soda fountain drinks, 
etc. 

Drink plenty of good water. A good drink of cold water befoie breakfast 
is a cleanser and a tonic for the stomach. 

Do not use tobacco and alcoholic drinks in any form. 

Exercise at regular times, daily if possible. 

Do not work too much at first, you will get stiff and sore and become 
discouraged. 

Warm up slowly each day before getting down to hard work. 

When through do not let limbs or body get cold. 

Do not lie around on the ground after exercise. 

Do not train for every event. Find out what you are best fitted for and 
stick to that. 

Avoid becoming stale, that is, getting into a condition where the exercises 
lose their charm and you neither can nor care to do things. This condition is 
brought about by too long and too hard practice. 

53 



Officials 

The offii-lals of track and field meet should be: 

A referee, 

A starter. 

An announcer, 

A scorer, 

A clerk of the course. 

A chief niarshall. 

Three judges of the finish, and 

Three time-keepers. 

Whenever possible these officials should be experienced in track athletics. 
It may be necessary at times for one person to act in more than one capacity. 
Their duties are as follows: 

The Befcycc has the power to disqualify any contestant for intentional or 
accidental fouling of the opponent. He shall decide all questions that may 
arise during the meet. His decision must be final. He shall have absolute 
power, and is the only one who can change the program or order of events. 

The Starter should give the contestants one or two trials, and should start 
all running events as follows: "On your marks," "Get set," and fii'es the 
gun. He has full control of the runners after they have received their places 
from the clerk of the course, and he may put out of the event any one trying 
to advance his mark. This rule also applies when a man has made more than 
two false starts. For the first offense he shall set back the runner one yard; 
for the second offense, two yards, and for the third the contestant shall be 
disqualified. If any part of the runner touches the ground in front of his 
mark before the gun is fired a false start shall be declared, and the runners 
called back by another report. 

The Announcer shall announce to the audience all records, and by whom 
made, and shall keep them posted as to the main points of interest. 

The Scorer shall keep a record of the laps in the events, the proper order 
of contestants, and a careful record of the time in each event. 

The Clerk of the Course shall assign the proper positions, see that all 
are numbered, and that all competitors have been notified and are at the right 
starting point on time. 

The Three Judges shall decide on the winners. One shall stand at one end 
of the finish tape and the others at the other end. One shall "pick upon" the 
man bre.asting the tape first, another getting the man who crosses the line 
second and the third the runner who crosses in the third position. These shall 
be reported to the scorer by number. 

Each of the Three Timekeepers shall time every event: and in case two 
watches agree and the third disagrees, the time marked by the two shall be 
the official time: and if all watches disagree, the official time shall be marked 
by the middle watch. If only two watches get the time, the lowest shall be 
official. Time shall be taken from the flash of the pistol (not from the report). 
A stopwatch, divided into fifths of a second, shall be used. 

Note. — The above regulations and suggestions have been reproduced 
largely from those of the American Athletic Association, New York Public 
Schools Athletic League, and from the bulletin issued by the University of 
Sooth Carolina on State and county athletics for high schools. 



54 



INDEX 



The Hookworm and the Bookworm 1- f) 

What is a Virginia County School Fair (5- 9 

History ot the School Fair Movement in Virginia 10-12 

How to Have a Successful County School Fair i:j-14 

Suggested List of School Fair Prizes 15-19 

General Rules and Regulations Governing County School Fair 20 

Entry Sheet 21 

Instructions for Preparing County School Fair Work: 

Literary Work 22-24 

Agriculture 2'>-2('-> 

Flowers and Nature Study 27-29 

Domestic Science 30-35 

Domestic Art 36-43 

Manual Training 44-48 

Athletics 50-54 



55 



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